Lecture 26 - Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
What nerves are involved in the peripheral chemoreceptor feedback
The hypoglossal, laryngeal and carotid sinus nerves
What nerve controls breathing frequency and volume
The vagus nerve
What nerve innervates the respiratory muscles
The intercostal nerve
What nerve innervates the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve
What motor neurones are active in the control of the muscle of respiration
The cranial motorneurones
What are the cranial motorneurones important for
The opening/closing of the glottis and flaring the nostils
What does the opening/closing of the glottis effect
The upper airway diameter
Where is the central patter generator located
Within the pons and the medulla
Where is the dorsal respiratory group located
Within the nucleus tractus solitaries
What is the dorsal respiratory group
The primary afferent, centre of inspiration control, site of sensory information input, site of central chemoreceptor input and the location of some premotor neurones
Where the the ventral medulla complex found
It spans three regions of the medulla
What three regions of the medulla is the ventral respiratory group in
The rostral, intermediate and caudal
What is contained within the distal region of the medulla
The nucleus retrofacials or the Botzinger complex
The rostral region is the site of control of
Expiration
What is within the intermediate region
The pre-Botzinger complex and the nucleus ambiguus
The intermediate region is involved in control of
Inspiration
What is the pre-Botzinger thought to be the site for
Generating fundamental respiratory rhythm
What is within the caudal region
The nucleus retroambigualis
The caudal region is involved int he control of
Expiration
What was the historical experimental approach to measureing respiratory movements
To section the brain stem at different points and record the effects of the vagus nerve being intact or cut
What are the different sections involved in the experiment to measure respiratory movements
Above the pons
The superior pons
All of the pons
All of the pons and the medulla
What did the experiment show
That there was a hierarchy of neural inputs that control breathing volume, neural feedback loops control frequency + rhythm + depth of breathing and feedback interaction between several nerves contributes to the generation of a respiratory rhythm
What occurs if the brain stem is sectioned with the vagus nerve intact
There is an increase in breathing depth and frequency
What occurs if the sectioning of the brain stem continues
A disruption in the rhythm until breathing stops
What occurs when the vagus nerve is cut
It produces varied effects on the hierarchy of breathing patterns
What can explain the varied effects of cutting the vagus nerve
That there has to be input for other neural networks
