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Second Year - Biomedical Sciences BS22001 > Lecture 12 - Structure Of The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lecture 12 - Structure Of The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the left ventricle of the heart

A

To distribute oxygenated blood coming from the lungs to the rest of the body

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2
Q

What circulation is the left ventricle of the heart involved in

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

What circulation is the right side of the heart involved in

A

Pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

What is the function of the right side of the heart

A

To send deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs so that it can undergo gaseous exchange

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum

A

Manibrium, body of sternum and xiphoid process

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6
Q

What is the mediastinum split into

A

Superior and inferior

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7
Q

What is contained within the superior portion of the mediastinum

A

The great vessels, thymus, oesophagus and the trachea

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8
Q

What is the inferior mediastinum split into

A

Anterior, middle and posterior sections

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9
Q

What is within the anterior section of the inferior mediastinum

A

The thymus and the great vessels

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10
Q

What is within the middle section of the inferior mediastinum

A

The heart and the pericardium

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11
Q

What is within the posterior section of the inferior mediastinum

A

The oesophagus, great vessels and the nerves

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12
Q

What are the pericardium and the heart wall made up of

A

The pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium and endocardium

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13
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium

A

A tough fibrous sac enclosing the heart which allows the heart to beat in a frictionless motion

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14
Q

What is the serous pericardium

A

It lines the sac and covers the heart and allows smooth movement of the heart

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15
Q

What is the myocardium

A

A thick muscular layer

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16
Q

What is the myocardium a part of

A

The fibrous pericardium

17
Q

What is the endocardium

A

The smooth lining of the heart

18
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

A thumb shaped impression in the right atrium

19
Q

What was the fossa ovalis used for during development

A

It allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the non-functioning foetal lungs

20
Q

What are muscular ridges within the atrium known as

A

Musculi pectinati

21
Q

What are the muscular rides within the ventricles known as

A

Trabeculae carnae

22
Q

What are the muscle extensions in the ventricles known as

A

Papillary muscles

23
Q

What are attached along the edges of the valves

A

Chordae tendineae

24
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendineae

A

Stop the valves from opening due to high pressure in the ventricles

25
Q

What in included in the external anatomy of the heart

A

Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, right auricle, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, apex of the heart, left auricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary veins, left pulmonary artery, coronary sinus, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta

26
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk branch into

A

The pulmonary artery

27
Q

Valve of the left atrium

A

Bicuspid/mitral

28
Q

Valve of the right atrium

A

Tricuspid

29
Q

What are the semi-lunar valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic

30
Q

What do the atrioventricular valves respond to

A

High pressure

31
Q

Where are the valves located

A

Behind the sternum

32
Q

What is valve stenosis

A

The narrowing of the valves preventing enough blood from being able to pass through

33
Q

What is valve incompetence

A

The failure of the valves to close properly so blood can flow backwards

34
Q

What supplies the heart tissue with blood

A

The coronary arteries

35
Q

What does then left coronary artery branch into

A

the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch

36
Q

What are the three cardiac veins

A

The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and the small cardiac vein

37
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein located

A

On the anterior aspect of the heart

38
Q

Where are the middle and small cardiac veins located

A

On the posterior aspect of the heart

39
Q

Where is the blood collected by the middle and small cardiac veins returned to

A

The coronary sinus

Second Year - Biomedical Sciences BS22001 (28 decks)

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