Lecture 12 - Structure Of The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the function of the left ventricle of the heart
To distribute oxygenated blood coming from the lungs to the rest of the body
What circulation is the left ventricle of the heart involved in
Systemic circulation
What circulation is the right side of the heart involved in
Pulmonary circulation
What is the function of the right side of the heart
To send deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs so that it can undergo gaseous exchange
What are the three parts of the sternum
Manibrium, body of sternum and xiphoid process
What is the mediastinum split into
Superior and inferior
What is contained within the superior portion of the mediastinum
The great vessels, thymus, oesophagus and the trachea
What is the inferior mediastinum split into
Anterior, middle and posterior sections
What is within the anterior section of the inferior mediastinum
The thymus and the great vessels
What is within the middle section of the inferior mediastinum
The heart and the pericardium
What is within the posterior section of the inferior mediastinum
The oesophagus, great vessels and the nerves
What are the pericardium and the heart wall made up of
The pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium and endocardium
What is the fibrous pericardium
A tough fibrous sac enclosing the heart which allows the heart to beat in a frictionless motion
What is the serous pericardium
It lines the sac and covers the heart and allows smooth movement of the heart
What is the myocardium
A thick muscular layer
What is the myocardium a part of
The fibrous pericardium
What is the endocardium
The smooth lining of the heart
What is the fossa ovalis
A thumb shaped impression in the right atrium
What was the fossa ovalis used for during development
It allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the non-functioning foetal lungs
What are muscular ridges within the atrium known as
Musculi pectinati
What are the muscular rides within the ventricles known as
Trabeculae carnae
What are the muscle extensions in the ventricles known as
Papillary muscles
What are attached along the edges of the valves
Chordae tendineae
What is the function of the chordae tendineae
Stop the valves from opening due to high pressure in the ventricles
What in included in the external anatomy of the heart
Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, right auricle, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, apex of the heart, left auricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary veins, left pulmonary artery, coronary sinus, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta
What does the pulmonary trunk branch into
The pulmonary artery
Valve of the left atrium
Bicuspid/mitral
Valve of the right atrium
Tricuspid
What are the semi-lunar valves
Pulmonary and aortic
What do the atrioventricular valves respond to
High pressure
Where are the valves located
Behind the sternum
What is valve stenosis
The narrowing of the valves preventing enough blood from being able to pass through
What is valve incompetence
The failure of the valves to close properly so blood can flow backwards
What supplies the heart tissue with blood
The coronary arteries
What does then left coronary artery branch into
the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch
What are the three cardiac veins
The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and the small cardiac vein
Where is the great cardiac vein located
On the anterior aspect of the heart
Where are the middle and small cardiac veins located
On the posterior aspect of the heart
Where is the blood collected by the middle and small cardiac veins returned to
The coronary sinus
