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KNES 251 > Lecture 28 - Structuring and Organizing Practice > Flashcards

Lecture 28 - Structuring and Organizing Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What factors influence the quality and effectivness of practice?

A
  • motivation (goal setting)
  • mental practice
  • instructions (demostration and modelling)
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2
Q

What are outcome goals? Give an example.

A

targets for performance that focus on the end result or outcome of an activity

Winning the stanly cup

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3
Q

Who are outcome goals useful for?

A

Elite athletes

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4
Q

What are the advantages of outcome goals?

A
  • easy to measure and observe (you won or you did not)
  • provides a visions
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5
Q

What are the limitations of outcome goals?

A
  • easily affected by other factors
  • no ‘path’ or process (how do they get there?)
  • are they realistic or setting up for failure?
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6
Q

What are performance goals? Give an example.

A

targets for performance that focus on improving a specific aspect of performance

improve pass completeion rate to 60%

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7
Q

Who are performance goals beneficial for?

A

amateur level athletes

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8
Q

What are the advantages of performance goals?

A
  • not as affected by other/extrinsic factors
  • can help with narrowing focus
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9
Q

What are the limitations of performance goals?

A
  • may not alter the outcome firectly
  • more challenging to measure
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10
Q

What can performance goals help with?

A

to focus practice and target specific skills for learning

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11
Q

What are process goals? Give an example.

A

targets for performance that focus on the quality of movement production (technique)

learning proper squatting technique

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12
Q

Who are process goals beneficial for?

A

Beginner level athletes

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13
Q

What are the advantages of process goals?

A
  • directly linked to movement
  • very targeted and specific
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14
Q

What are the limitations of process goals?

A
  • could cause perceptual narrowing (focus too much on movement, regress to conscious processing) if overemphasize?
  • harder to quantify?
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15
Q

What do process goals target?

A

specific components of performance

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16
Q

Why and tangible and realistic goals important?

A

For promoting learning and long-term changes in performance

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17
Q

What is mental practice?

A

the practice of a motor skill in the absence of overt movement

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18
Q

What can mental practice help?

A

image/visualize how to perform the task using good/target behavious in the target environment

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19
Q

What is massed practice? Give an example.

A

a practice schedule in which the amount of rest between trials or sessions is breif

training camp - two a days

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20
Q

What is distibuted practice? Give an example.

A

a practice schedule in which the amount of rest between trials or sessions in long

training for a marathon

21
Q

Organizing practice over a series of sessions

What are the take home messages?

A
  • learners are often mistaken when it comes to what they think is best for them. Its important to listen but you’re th expert (the coach)
  • you may have to trade off the efficiency and effectivness of practice
22
Q

rest intervals influence how humans learn a continuouse moto task

What are the take home messages?

A
  • longer rest periods ofetn lead to imporved performance during practice
  • differences in learning are generally reduced at retention
  • positve effect of rest still evident at retention
23
Q

What type of practice should be used for discrete and serial skills?

A

masseed practice

24
Q

Is massed practice beneficial for things with low or high coginitive demand?

A

low

25
Q

Is distributed practice beneficial for things with low or high coginitive demand?

A

high

26
Q

What is blocked practice?

A

All trials of a given task or skill are completed before moving to a new task or skill

27
Q

What is random practice?

A

individuals practice different skills in random order during practice session

28
Q

Does random or blocked practice produce better performance during practice?

A

blocked

29
Q

Is random or blocked practice better for retention?

A

Random

30
Q

What does modelling reduce?

A

differences in performance between blocked and random practice groups

31
Q

What does too much modeling lead too?

A

Can be bad for learning and retention

32
Q

What does random practice cause?

A

best retention despite lower performance in practice

33
Q

What does random practice require?

A

the learner to be engaged because variants or elements of the task practiced change constantly

34
Q

What does random practice provide? What does this increase?

A

meaningful and distinguishable motor memories of various tasks

this increases the strength of motor memories and how well they are retained

35
Q

What does random practice force learners to forget?

A

short-term solutions after each change in task

36
Q

What does short term forgetting force the learner to generate?

A

a ‘new’ solution for each movement

37
Q

What is constant practice?

A

a practice schedule in which individuals practice on variation repeatedly before moving on to the next skill

38
Q

What is variable practice?

A

A practice sequence where different variations of the samke skill are practiced in a random order

39
Q

What is serial practice?

A

Hybrid of constant and variable practice

40
Q

Is constant practice or variable practice more generalizable?

A

Variable

41
Q

What does variable learning teach us?

A

teh basic mapping between a parameter (force) and resulting action (throwing distance)

42
Q

Which type of practice schedule is used for motor skill aquistition?

A

Blocked and random

43
Q

Which type of practice schedule is used for motor skill adaptation?

A

constant and varied

44
Q

Which type of practice schedule do you do different skills?

A

blocked and random

45
Q

What does random practice provide?

A

slower improvments in performance but facilitates long-term learning

46
Q

What does blocked practice provide?

A

More success during learning which may help confidence, but typically less retention

47
Q

What type of practcie schedule do you do variations of the same skill?

A

constant and varied practice

48
Q

What does varied practice help with?

A

rentention of motor learning but may hionder performance on the short term

49
Q

What is constant practice beneficial for?

A

special skills like free throw shooting

KNES 251 (24 decks)

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