Lecture 2 - Basics of Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is included in the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain + Spinal Cord

Question 2

What is included in the Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Cranial + Spinal nerves (everything else)

Question 3

Where do afferent nerves go?

Answer 3

Towards CNS

Question 4

Where do efferent nerves go?

Answer 4

Away from CNS

Question 5

Which way do afferent nerves enter?

Answer 5

Dorsal

Question 6

Which way to efferent nerves leave?

Answer 6

Ventral

Question 7

Where are the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons found?

Answer 7

In ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 8

Where are sensory neurons found?

Answer 8

In dorsal root ganglion

Question 9

What is a ganglion or Ganglia?

Answer 9

group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

Question 10

What is a group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS called?

Answer 10

Nucleus or Nuclei

Question 11

What is a dermatome?

Answer 11

an area of skin supplied by neurons that all arise from a specific spinal segment

Question 12

What is a part of the brainstem?

Answer 12

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 13

What is the role of the brainstem?

Answer 13

Basic life functions
- cardiac + respiratory functions
- HR
- breathing
- sleeping
- eating

Question 14

What controls voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity?

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

Where is the thalamus located?

Answer 15

in dorsal part of Diencephalon

Question 16

What is the thalamus’s main function?

Answer 16

Relay centre (relays sensory and motor signals to and from cerebral cortex)

Question 17

How are neurons similar to other cells?

Answer 17

• have a lipid bilayer cell membrane
• cell body
• nucleus

Question 18

How are neurons different from other cells?

Answer 18

• long and thin (unique morphology)
• have dendrites and axons
• electrically excitable

Question 19

When talking about neurosn what does “form follows function” mean?

Answer 19

More complex form means more complex function

Question 20

What do glial cells act as?

Answer 20

Helper cells

Question 21

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

Answer 21

CNS

Question 22

Where are Schwann cells found?

Answer 22

PNS

Question 23

What are the 3 main functions of a Astrocyte?

Answer 23

1. provide nutrients
2. maintain ion balance
3. repair

Question 24

What do microglia do?

Answer 24

act as the 1st and main form of active immune defense in the CNS

Question 25

Which way do sensory neurons go?

Answer 25

Up

Question 26

Which way do motor neurons go?

Answer 26

Down

Question 27

What is the role of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 27

Higher order functions (perception, cognition, attention, memory