Lecture 2 - Basics of Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is included in the central nervous system?
Brain + Spinal Cord
What is included in the Peripheral nervous system?
Cranial + Spinal nerves (everything else)
Where do afferent nerves go?
Towards CNS
Where do efferent nerves go?
Away from CNS
Which way do afferent nerves enter?
Dorsal
Which way to efferent nerves leave?
Ventral
Where are the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons found?
In ventral horn of spinal cord
Where are sensory neurons found?
In dorsal root ganglion
What is a ganglion or Ganglia?
group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
What is a group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS called?
Nucleus or Nuclei
What is a dermatome?
an area of skin supplied by neurons that all arise from a specific spinal segment
What is a part of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
What is the role of the brainstem?
Basic life functions
- cardiac + respiratory functions
- HR
- breathing
- sleeping
- eating
What controls voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination and speech resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity?
Cerebellum
Where is the thalamus located?
in dorsal part of Diencephalon
What is the thalamus’s main function?
Relay centre (relays sensory and motor signals to and from cerebral cortex)
How are neurons similar to other cells?
- have a lipid bilayer cell membrane
- cell body
- nucleus
How are neurons different from other cells?
- long and thin (unique morphology)
- have dendrites and axons
- electrically excitable
When talking about neurosn what does “form follows function” mean?
More complex form means more complex function
What do glial cells act as?
Helper cells
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
CNS
Where are Schwann cells found?
PNS
What are the 3 main functions of a Astrocyte?
- provide nutrients
- maintain ion balance
- repair
What do microglia do?
act as the 1st and main form of active immune defense in the CNS
Which way do sensory neurons go?
Up
Which way do motor neurons go?
Down
What is the role of the cerebral cortex?
Higher order functions (perception, cognition, attention, memory
