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HUBS191 > Lecture 27 > Flashcards

Lecture 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two energy sources for contraction?

A
  • Anaerobic

- Aerobic

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2
Q

What are the two energy sources for contraction?

A
  • Anaerobic

- Aerobic

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3
Q

What are the features of Anaerobic energy source?

A
  • short term
  • fast energy production
  • no oxygen required
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4
Q

What are the features of aerobic energy source?

A
  • long term, steady
  • slower energy production
  • oxygen required
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5
Q

What produces more ATP out of aerobic and anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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6
Q

How long does ATP stores provide energy?

A

2-4 seconds

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7
Q

How long does CP provide energy for ATP resynthesis?

A

20 seconds

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8
Q

What are the three muscle fiber types?

A
  • red
  • white
  • intermediate
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9
Q

What are the features of the red muscle fibers?

A
  • high myoglobin
  • high aerobic enzymes
  • slow
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10
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A red pigment caused by the oxygen iron binding

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11
Q

Why are red muscle fibers slow?

A

Because they have the myosin type 1

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12
Q

What are the features of white muscle fibers?

A
  • Low myoglobin
  • Low aerobic enzymes
  • Fast
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13
Q

Why are white muscle fibers fast?

A

Because they have the myosin type 11x

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14
Q

What are the features like in the intermediate muscle fibers?

A

In between red and white

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15
Q

What are the features like in the intermediate muscle fibers?

A

In between red and white

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16
Q

What is slow in the red muscle fibers?

A
  • interaction rate with actin
  • force production
  • energy consumption
17
Q

What are red muscle fibers sustained by?

A

aerobic metabolism

18
Q

What is fast in the white muscle fibers?

A
  • interaction rate with actin
  • force production
  • energy consumption
19
Q

What are white muscle fibers sustained by?

A

anaerobic metabolism

20
Q

What are white muscle fibers sustained by?

A

anaerobic metabolism

21
Q

What causes a twitch?

A

A single electrical stimulation of a muscle

a single activation of many motor units

22
Q

Why does repeated stimuli cause increasing levels of tension?

A
  • sustained higher levels of Ca2+
  • actin-myosin interaction become more sensitive to Ca2+
  • increased heat produces more tension
23
Q

What causes summation?

A

Rapidly repeated stimuli causes even higher levels of tension

24
Q

What causes summation?

A

Rapidly repeated stimuli causes even higher levels of tension

25
Q

When is the tetanus incomplete?

A

When the flucuations from individual twitches are visible

26
Q

When is the tetanus complete?

A

When the flucuations from individual twitches are not visible

27
Q

When is the maximum muscle tension at the optimal length?

A

When the actin myosin overlap is optimal

28
Q

When is the maximum muscle tension at the optimal length?

A

When the actin myosin overlap is optimal

29
Q

What occurs during strength training?

A
  • Increased number of contractile filaments
  • more power
  • improved anaerobic metabolism
30
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increased number of contractile filaments

31
Q

What occurs during endurance training?

A
  • increase blood supply (increased blood vessels)
  • more mitochondria
  • aerobic enzymes
  • improved aerobic metabolism
32
Q

What occurs during disuse of muscles?

A
  • loss of contractile filaments

- less power

33
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Loss of contractile filaments

34
Q

What happens during physiological exhaustion?

A
  • ATP depletion (secondary to depletion of glucose/glycogn/O2)
  • Build up of metabolic products (eg lactic acid)
35
Q

What happens during pscychological exhaustion?

A
  • feedback from muscles to brain produce sensation of fatigue
  • even though muscles still capable of contracting

HUBS191 (13 decks)

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