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HUBS191 > Lecture 24 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two different types of synapses?

A

Electrical and chemical

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1
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction between nerve cells where a nerve impulse is transferred from one neurone to another

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2
Q

What is faster, electrical synapses or chemical synapses?

A

Electrical

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3
Q

What synapses has direct propagation of action potential?

A

Electrical

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4
Q

What is the physical gap in chemical synapses linked by?

A

Chemical transmitter

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5
Q

What is the physical gap in electrical synapses linked by?

A

Gap junctions (tunnel channels)

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6
Q

What is important about the vesicles in the pre-synaptic cleft?

A

They carry the neurotransmitter

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7
Q

What is important about the cytoskeleton in the pre-synaptic cleft?

A

It fixes vesicles in specific places

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8
Q

What is important about the Ca2+ in the pre-synaptic cleft?

A

It triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the vesicles

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9
Q

Why is ATP needed in the pre-synaptic cleft?

A

Because the sodium potassium pump needs energy

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10
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

The gap between the two cells

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11
Q

What stimulates the sodium channels to open and let sodium in to depolarise the post-synaptic membrane?

A

The G protein coupled receptors

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12
Q

What is the concentration of calcium in the ECF?

A

2-2.5mM

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13
Q

How does the concentration of calcium in the ICF compares to that in the ECF?

A

It’s much lower

Causing a high concentration gradient

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14
Q

What does the action potential do to the synaptic knob when it arrives at the terminal?

A

Depolarises it

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15
Q

What does the depolarisation of the pre-synaptic knob activate?

A

The calcium channels

16
Q

What does the increased calcium concentration cause?

A

Movement of vesicles towards the membrane

They fuse with the membrane and the neurotransmitter is released

17
Q

What is activated when the neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on the post synapse?

A

Opens sodium channels

Local depolarisation of post-synaptic cell

18
Q

What causes the repolarisation of the post-synapse?

A

The potassium

19
Q

What are the three ways transmitter is removed?

A
  • degradation (by enzymes)
  • reuptake into the bouton
  • reuptake into glia cells (diffusion)

HUBS191 (13 decks)

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