Lecture 26; Nutrition in infancy and childhood

Question 1

What are nutritional requirements of infants influenced by?

Answer 1

• Growth
• Different organ functional capacity
• Much higher SA to weight ratio (increased water loss)

Question 2

How does growth change over time?

Answer 2

• Peaks in first 1000 days

- Peaks again during puberty

Question 3

What happens in the first year of life? growthwise?

Answer 3

• Weight increases 300%
• Length 55%
• Brain weight doubles

Question 4

Whats the impact of growth on later life?

Answer 4

• Altered growth determines disease in adults

Question 5

What are some Energy and RDI RDIs for a baby?

Answer 5

Energy
2000-KJ
454-KJ/Kg

Protein

10. 4g
11. 2g/Kg

Question 6

What are the feeding options for newborns?/RDI?

Answer 6

• MOH NZ recommends 6 months of breast feeding or formula feeding. Then introduction to solid foods with continued breast feeding up to a year.

Question 7

What are the added benefits of breast milk over cows?

Answer 7

• Contains prebiotics
• Immunological compounds
• Hormones and growth factors
• Beneficial bacteria

Question 8

Whats the critical factors of breast milk for baby wellbeing?

Answer 8

i. e about;
- Stimulating growth
- Developing immunity
- Compensating for lack of function in some organs.
- Low osmotic load for immature kidneys

Question 9

What compensating factors does breastmilk have for immature baby organ systems?

Answer 9

• Contains lipases
• Contains biles
• Contains amylase

Question 10

What nutrient increases rapidly with growth?

Answer 10

• Iron needs rapidly increase because as we grow our blood supply rapidly increases.

Question 11

Why do we need to eat solid foods?

Answer 11

• Nutrient requirements (iron)
• Physical development
• (Oral motor development)
• (GI maturation)
• Social development
• Antigen exposure (primes immune system)

Question 12

What are the common problems with diet and nutrition?

Answer 12

• Fussy eating
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• Allergy

Question 13

How is growth and development monitored?

Answer 13

• Development charts

- Growth charts

Question 14

What do the centiles show?

Answer 14

Projects growth and health outcomes. Combines height and weight, important for predicting health outcomes.

Question 15

What are the nutrition related health issues in children?

Answer 15

• Unhealthy weight
• Poverty (1 in 4 kids)
• Poor dental health
• Nutrient deficiencies

Question 16

How are our obesity stats in kids?

Answer 16

• 1 in 10 generally obese
• 1 in 4 pacifica
• 1 in 5 maori

Question 17

Whats another important factor in child development?

Answer 17

Peak bone mass achieved in later adolescence

Question 18

Whats learnt in childhood eating?

Answer 18

• Dietary patterns and behaviours are formed in childhood