lecture 25 fluid balance and blood pressure

Question 1

what is mass balance

Answer 1

if the amount of substance in body remains constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss

Question 2

Your friend gets lost on a hike in the desert in the summer.
They have been drinking water regularly and their urine has been
clear light yellow. They have a full bladder, but have no more
water and only an apple for food. However, they are really
starting to feel thirsty, dizzy, and have a headache. What is your
best advice for them? There is only ONE answer.

Answer 2

They should eat the apple to hydrate and urinate into their
water bottle, but save it in case they need to drink it

Question 3

which of these statements are true for people getting dehydrated when coming alcohol?
7. Alcohol blocks vasopressin from being released
8. Alcohol is a liquid so it decreases the osmolarity of the blood
9. Alcohol increases thirst
10. Alcohol is a toxin that has to be excreted from the kidney
11. Alcohol increases the number of aquaporins in the collecting
duct of the nephron

Answer 3

7. Alcohol blocks vasopressin from being released
8. Alcohol is a liquid so it decreases the osmolarity of the blood

Question 4

Which of the following is the best way to hydrate? There is
only ONE correct answer.
a. Drinking 4 cups of coffee
b. Drinking 4 glasses of seawater from the ocean
c. Drinking 4 glasses of water with a little bit of salt added
d. Drinking 4 glasses of pure water

Answer 4

c. Drinking 4 glasses of water with a little bit of salt added

Question 5

Which of the following would likely happen in the case of
hyperkalemia? There is only ONE correct answer.
a. Increase resting membrane potential or increased chance of
depolarization
b. Decrease resting membrane potential or decreased chance of
depolarization
c. Resting membrane potential would stay the same and same chance
of depolarization

Answer 5

a. Increase resting membrane potential or increased chance of
depolarization

Question 6

What is Hypokalemia?

Answer 6

blood concentrations of K decrease so more k IS REABSORBED

Question 7

What is hyperkalemia?

Answer 7

blood concentrations of K increases so it has to be secreted through activation of aldosterone

Question 8

Based on your understanding of physiology from the course, which of
the following is a possible reason for why you can go 12 hours without
urinating while you are sleeping during the night? There is only ONE
correct answer to this multiple choice question.
a. Levels of angiotensin II decrease while you are sleeping
b. HPA axis decreases while you are sleeping
c. Levels of vasopressin increase while you are sleeping
d. Your kidneys stop functioning while you are sleeping
e. Na+ reabsorption occurs but no water reabsorption occurs while you
are sleeping

Answer 8

c. Levels of vasopressin increase while you are sleeping

Question 9

Predict why you think humans faint sometimes if they stand up
too quickly? There is only ONE correct answer to this question.
a. The brain does not get enough oxygen because of a change in
blood pressure from low pressure to high pressure
b. The brain gets too much oxygen because of a change in blood
pressure from high pressure to low pressure
c. The brain does not get enough oxygen because of a change in
blood pressure from high pressure to low pressure
d. The brain gets too much oxygen because of a change in blood
pressure from low pressure to high pressure

Answer 9

c. The brain does not get enough oxygen because of a change in
blood pressure from high pressure to low pressure

Question 10

if blood volume increases…

Answer 10

blood pressure increases

Question 11

if blood volume decreases…

Answer 11

blood pressure decreases

Question 12

if the blood vessels constrict…

Answer 12

the blood pressure increases