lect 20 diabetes Flashcards
````what is type 1 diabetes?
autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas so no insulin is produced
what is type 2 diabetes
high levels of insulin unable to signal properly which can lead to low production of insulin
What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a healthy individual?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release
a. Increase insulin release
What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a type 1 diabetic?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release
What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a type 1 diabetic being treated with insulin?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release
what is the results of high sugar levels in healthy individuals
there is now more insulin released in beta cells in the pancreas into the blood stream
so what happens if the insulin levels elevate
there is more glucose being uptake to the cells like liver and adipose
What is the most accurate description of the similarities and differences between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?
a. Same cause, same symptoms
b. Same cause, different symptoms
c. Different cause, different symptoms d. Different cause, same symptoms
d.different cause same symptoms
what is so specific about the beta cells in a type 2 diabetes pt
in early stages of the disease the beta cells make insulin, so the issue is that insulin isn’t being recognized by the receptor, there is resistance
what occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood
there is less water being reabsorbed so that water is now being excreted leading to dehydration, decreased blood pressure and thirst
why is a symptom for diabetics extreme hunger
the satiety center in the hypothalamus is dependent on insulin so if it is unable to take in glucose, a person feels hungry
Which of the following is true regarding treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
a. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by removing the pancreas
b. Type 1 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
c. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by decreasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of insulin receptors`
Which of the following is true regarding treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
a. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by removing the pancreas
b. Type 1 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
c. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by decreasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of insulin receptors`
what is a treatment for type 1
giving insulin
. Which of following accurately describes what happens when someone healthy eats a piece of pie?
d. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporters, causing insulin release
Which of following accurately describes the order of steps after glucose is taken into beta cells?
a. Insulin is secreted, which causes Ca2+ entry into the cell, which causes depolarization, which causes ATP formation
b. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes depolarization, which opens Ca2+ channels, which allows Ca2+ influx and stimulates insulin release
c. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes glucose to be metabolized, which causes insulin secretion
d. Ca2+ flows into the cell, which causes membrane depolarization, which causes ligand-gated K+ channels to close, which causes insulin secretion
b. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes depolarization, which opens Ca2+ channels, which allows Ca2+ influx and stimulates insulin release
what is the simplified pathway of glucose in the pancreatic beta cell.
glucose - metabolism pathways - ATP -depolarization -Ca2+ influx - insulin release
Which of the following steps would occur in a
healthy individual after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract
all is correct
Which of the following steps would occur in a
type 1 diabetic after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the beta cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract
Which of the following steps would occur in an early
stage type 2 diabetic after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract
all is correct
when insulin is released in the beta in a healthy individual what happens?
the insulin travels through blood to target tissues
insulin binds to receptor in the cell membrane
genes involved in metabolism is turned on and in some tissues GLUT4 transported are inserted into the membrane
