lect 20 diabetes

Question 1

````what is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas so no insulin is produced

Question 2

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

high levels of insulin unable to signal properly which can lead to low production of insulin

Question 3

What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a healthy individual?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release

Answer 3

a. Increase insulin release

Question 4

What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a type 1 diabetic?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release

Answer 4

c. No effect on insulin release

Question 5

What effect would an increase in blood glucose have on
insulin release in a type 1 diabetic being treated with insulin?
a. Increase insulin release
b. Decrease insulin release
c. No effect on insulin release

Answer 5

c. No effect on insulin release

Question 6

what is the results of high sugar levels in healthy individuals

Answer 6

there is now more insulin released in beta cells in the pancreas into the blood stream

Question 7

so what happens if the insulin levels elevate

Answer 7

there is more glucose being uptake to the cells like liver and adipose

Question 8

What is the most accurate description of the similarities and differences between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?
a. Same cause, same symptoms
b. Same cause, different symptoms
c. Different cause, different symptoms d. Different cause, same symptoms

Answer 8

d.different cause same symptoms

Question 9

what is so specific about the beta cells in a type 2 diabetes pt

Answer 9

in early stages of the disease the beta cells make insulin, so the issue is that insulin isn’t being recognized by the receptor, there is resistance

Question 10

what occurs when there is too much glucose in the blood

Answer 10

there is less water being reabsorbed so that water is now being excreted leading to dehydration, decreased blood pressure and thirst

Question 11

why is a symptom for diabetics extreme hunger

Answer 11

the satiety center in the hypothalamus is dependent on insulin so if it is unable to take in glucose, a person feels hungry

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
a. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by removing the pancreas
b. Type 1 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
c. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by decreasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors

Answer 12

d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of insulin receptors`

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
a. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by removing the pancreas
b. Type 1 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors
c. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by decreasing the number of
insulin receptors
d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of
insulin receptors

Answer 12

d. Type 2 diabetes could be treated by increasing the number of insulin receptors`

Question 13

what is a treatment for type 1

Answer 13

giving insulin

Question 14

. Which of following accurately describes what happens when someone healthy eats a piece of pie?

Answer 14

d. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporters, causing insulin release

Question 15

Which of following accurately describes the order of steps after glucose is taken into beta cells?
a. Insulin is secreted, which causes Ca2+ entry into the cell, which causes depolarization, which causes ATP formation
b. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes depolarization, which opens Ca2+ channels, which allows Ca2+ influx and stimulates insulin release
c. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes glucose to be metabolized, which causes insulin secretion
d. Ca2+ flows into the cell, which causes membrane depolarization, which causes ligand-gated K+ channels to close, which causes insulin secretion

Answer 15

b. ATP binds to K+ channels, which causes depolarization, which opens Ca2+ channels, which allows Ca2+ influx and stimulates insulin release

Question 16

what is the simplified pathway of glucose in the pancreatic beta cell.

Answer 16

glucose - metabolism pathways - ATP -depolarization -Ca2+ influx - insulin release

Question 17

Which of the following steps would occur in a
healthy individual after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract

Answer 17

all is correct

Question 18

Which of the following steps would occur in a
type 1 diabetic after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the beta cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract

Answer 18

a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract

Question 19

Which of the following steps would occur in an early
stage type 2 diabetic after eating pie?
a. Glucose enters the bloodstream from small intestines
b. Glucose enters the beta cell through glucose transporter GLUT2
c. Ca2+ entry into the cell causes vesicles containing insulin to
fuse with the membrane and insulin is released
d. Stretch receptors activated in GI tract

Answer 19

all is correct

Question 20

when insulin is released in the beta in a healthy individual what happens?

Answer 20

the insulin travels through blood to target tissues
insulin binds to receptor in the cell membrane
genes involved in metabolism is turned on and in some tissues GLUT4 transported are inserted into the membrane