lect 15. neurotransmitter signaling Flashcards
where are neurotransmitter released into?
into synapse at a fast rate, in a short distance
where are hormones released into?
into the blood at a long distance and slow rate
At the synapse, the neurotransmitter dopamine
is released from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, where it interacts with specific dopamine receptors on post synaptic membrane. Which of the following is most accurate?
a. One molecule of dopamine is released from the pre-synaptic
terminal and binds to a single dopamine receptor
b. Lots of molecules of dopamine are released from the pre-synaptic
terminal and bind to a single dopamine receptor
c. . Lots of molecules of dopamine are released from the pre-synaptic
terminal and bind to dopamine and acetylcholine receptors
d. Lots of molecules of dopamine are released from the pre-synaptic
terminal and bind to lots of dopamine receptors
d. Lots of molecules of dopamine are released from the pre-synapticterminal and bind to lots of dopamine receptors
what does it mean when there is more neurotransmitters released?
the more neurotransmitters, the stronger the action potentials and vice versa
At the neuromuscular junction of vertebrates,
the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released from the
pre-synaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, where it interacts with specific acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following are true?
a. When acetylcholine is in the synaptic cleft, the acetylcholine
receptor sends out chemical signals to attract acetylcholine.
b. The structure of acetylcholine allows it to bind to any receptor.
c. Shortening the distance between the pre-synaptic cell and
the skeletal muscle cell in the synaptic cleft will increase the
probability that acetylcholine will bind to receptors.
d. Drugs that decrease the amount of time that acetylcholine
remains in the synaptic cleft will increase acetylcholine signaling.
c. Shortening the distance between the pre-synaptic cell and
the skeletal muscle cell in the synaptic cleft will increase the
probability that acetylcholine will bind to receptors.
how to receptors attract its neurotransmitters?
it is complexity random, they move randomly in the synapse but since it is a small space it will likely bump into the receptor
What receptors does acetylcholine bind to on
skeletal muscle cells?
inotropic acetylcholine receptors
what causes inotropic receptors to be beneficial?
it is very fast, and can be both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing
There are several different types of serotonin receptors,
some of which are excitatory and some of which are inhibitory for the post-synaptic neuron. Which of the following is most accurate about the location of these receptors on the post-synaptic membrane
a. There will never be inhibitory receptors on the
post-synaptic neuron
b. There will never be excitatory serotonin receptors and inhibitory serotonin receptors on the same post-synaptic neuron’s synapse
c. The voltage-gated Na+ channels, not the neurotransmitter receptor, are located on the post-synaptic neuron
d. The neurotransmitter, not the receptor, determines whether the signal is excitatory
There will never be excitatory serotonin receptors and inhibitory serotonin receptors on the same post-synaptic neuron’s synapse
What determines the response ?
the type of receptors on post synaptic determines response, it is either inhibitory or excitatory
Which of the following is NOT a way to turn off
neurotransmitter signaling?
a. Break down the neurotransmitter in the synapse
b. Keep neurotransmitter bound to its receptors
c. Remove neurotransmitters from the synapse
d. Stop releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse
b. Keep neurotransmitter bound to its receptors`
how do you turn off signaling?
either by breaking down neurotransmitters or removing them from the synapse like bringing them into the pre syntactic terminal
Homeostasis is maintaining internal consistency
despite changes in the internal and external environment.
Given what you know about homeostasis and
neurotransmitter signaling, what would you predict would
happen if too much dopamine was present in the synapse?
a. Release more dopamine into the synapse
b. Release less dopamine into the synapse
c. Increase the number of dopamine receptors
d. Inactivate reuptake transporters
b. Release less dopamine into the synapse`
If someone was regularly taking amphetamines for
a few months that increased the amount of dopamine in the synapse and then abruptly stopped taking them, what do you think would be true of their dopamine signaling in the day
after they stopped?
a. They would have lower levels of dopamine signaling
b. They would have normal levels of dopamine signaling
c. They would have higher levels of dopamine signaling
a. They would have lower levels of dopamine signaling`
Two people take the same dose of a drug. Person
A barely feels an effect and Person B overdoses because an extreme effect. Which of the following is most likely?
a. Person B is a regular user of that drug and is desensitized
b. Person A is a recovered addict who has not used that drug
in 6 months
c. Person A’s receptors have been downregulated because
they have exposed to the drug before
d. Person B’s receptors have been downregulated because
they have not been exposed to the drug before
c. Person A’s receptors have been downregulated because
they have exposed to the drug before`
