lecture 23 water balance, blood pressure and kidney function

Question 1

what is hyponatremia

Answer 1

caused by excessive hydration
the concentration of Na in blood is low so water moves into cells causes increase in pressure

Question 2

what is angiotensin 2

Answer 2

hormone made in precursor in the liver, increases blood pressure by vasoconstriction of blood vessels
increasing aldosterone and release from adrenal glands

Question 3

what is ADP ( anti-diuretic hormone)

Answer 3

made in the hypothalamus and released from neurons in posterior pituitary, angiotensin 2 binds to receptors on hypothalamus and released ADH

Question 4

what does it mean when there is high levels of ADH

Answer 4

THERE is less urine output

Question 5

where is aldosterone produced

Answer 5

in adrenal glands and increases sodium retention in kidney causing water retention and less using
angiotensin 2 causes the production

Question 6

why is renin released by the kidney

Answer 6

1. Sympathetic nervous system innervation
2. Baroreceptors in the kidney recognizing a drop in
   blood pressure
3. Decrease in Na+ concentration in tubule in kidney

Question 7

what is renin

Answer 7

an enzyme to produce angiotensin 2, which increased ah and aldosterone levels decreasing urine output

Question 8

What leads to a decrease in urine production?
a. Release of vasopressin/ADH from the hypothalamus
b. Release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands
c. Binding of renin to receptors on the kidney
d. Decreased production of angiotensin II
e. Increase parasympathetic nervous system activation of
the kidney

Answer 8

b. Release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands

Question 9

how do kidneys function

Answer 9

filters waste out of blood
help regulate fluids/salts in body
gt rid of excess fluid/na
release hormones to regulate blood pressure

Question 10

in diabetes there is too much glucose being exerted so what occurs?

Answer 10

salt 2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption leaving to greater glucose excretion