lect 21 insulin signaling, metabolic syndrome Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a result of insulin
signaling?
a. Activation of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (making of glucose)
b. Activation of enzymes for glycolysis (breaking down glucose)
c. Activation of enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis (glycogen =large polysaccharide)
d. Activation of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis
Activation of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (making of
glucose
Which of the following are possible thought
experiment treatment options for any type 2 diabetic?
a. Inserting fewer insulin receptors into the membrane of liver cells
b. Inserting fewer GLUT transporters in the membrane of liver cells
c. Decreasing protein intake in food
d. Inserting more insulin receptors into the membrane of beta cells
in the pancreas
e. Increasing the number of glucose molecules transported by
GLUT into fat cells
Increasing the number of glucose molecules transported by
GLUT into fat cells
how is the blood glucose homeostasis maintained
th hormones produced in pancreas have an effect in another organ: liver
glucagon increased blood sugar
insulin decreases blood sugar
how is the blood glucose homeostasis maintained
th hormones produced in pancreas have an effect in another organ: liver
glucagon increased blood sugar
insulin decreases blood sugar
Which of the following is the
most accurate statement?
a. Type 1 diabetes is more prevalent than type 2 diabetes
b. Beta cells always produce insulin in type 2 diabetes
c. Glucose can enter a cell without a transporter
d. Insulin resistance is when insulin enters the cell through GLUT2
e. Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
e. Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
what is leptin
it is a hormone released from the adipocytes in the fat
it travels through blood to bind to receptors in hypothalamus and it signals to stop eating
Given your understanding of leptin signaling,
if you repeatedly injected leptin into an ob/ob mouse and a db/db
mouse, which of the following results would you predict?
a. Ob/ob mouse would get thinner, but db/db mouse
would stay obese
b. Ob/ob mouse and db/db mouse would get thinner
c. Ob/ob mouse would stay obese, but db/db mouse
would get thinner
d. Ob/ob mouse and db/db mouse would stay obese
Ob/ob mouse would get thinner, but db/db mouse
would stay obese
Given your understanding of leptin signaling,
which of the following would likely result in obesity?
a. A silent mutation in the leptin receptor that does not
change the amino acid sequence of the leptin receptor
b. A mutation in the leptin gene that allows it to be
secreted faster from adipocytes
c. A mutation in the leptin receptor that causes leptin to
be degraded
d. A mutation in the leptin receptor gene that prevents it
from being inserted into the cell membrane
e. Elevated leptin levels in the blood in response to insulin
d. A mutation in the leptin receptor gene that prevents it
from being inserted into the cell membrane
e. Elevated leptin levels in the blood in response
Mouse Y is obese,
but Mouse Z is not obese. You
inject leptin into Mouse Z.
Which of the following is the
likely result?
a. It has no effect on Mouse Z
b. It causes Mouse Z to stop
eating
c. It causes Mouse Z to eat
more
b. It causes Mouse Z to stop
eating
Mouse Y is obese,
but Mouse Z is not obese. You
inject leptin into Mouse Y, but
it does not have an effect.
Which of the following is a
possible reason?
a. Mouse Y does not produce
functional leptin
b. Mouse Y does not have
functional leptin receptors
c. Mouse Y has leptin
resistance
b. Mouse Y does not have
functional leptin receptors
c. Mouse Y has leptin
resistance
what can be a problem for obese humans
there isnt enough sufficient signaling causing resistance
Which of the following is NOT an example of
homeostasis?
a. Release of leptin to signal to stop eating
b. Release of insulin to lower blood sugar levels
c. Stretch receptors in the stomach signaling to stop eating
d. Increase in hunger after not eating for 12 hours
e. Uncontrollable urge to eat at all times
e. Uncontrollable urge to eat at all times`
