Lecture 23 Promotion Prevention Protection Flashcards
Why is the need for preventions increasing?
Preventions decreases the number of patients needing healthcare. This is important because the limitations in curing disease are becoming apparent and costs of medical care are escalating
What is population based strategy?
Strategies that focus on the whole population and aims to reduce the health risks and outcomes of all individuals in the population. It is useful for common diseases or widespread causes. Some examples include immunization programmes, legislated use of seatbelts and low salt foods at supermarkets. Reduces exposures for the whole population
What are the advantages and disadvantages of population based strategies?
Advantage: Addresses underlying causes, large potential benefit for the whole population, behaviorally appropriate
Disadvantage: Small benefit to individual, poor motivation of individuals, whole population is exposed to downsides of the strategy
What are the disadvantages and advantages of individual based strategy
Advantages: Appropriate to individuals, individual motivation, cost effective use of resources, favorable benefit to risk ratio
Disadvantages: Cost of screening, temporary effect, limited potential, behaviorally inappropriate
What are high risk strategies?
Focuses on high risk individuals, well matched to individuals and their concerns
What is health promotion
It acts on determinants of wellbeing, enables people to increase their control over to improve health
What is primary care?
First point of contact: GP, pharmacist, regular sources of health care
What is secondary care?
Specialist care, likely referred to by primary care
What is tertiary care?
hospital based care and rehab
What is the alma ata 1978?
A call for governments to protect and promote health of all, advocate health promotion approach to primary care
Prerequisites: peace/safety from violence, shelter, food, education, income, stable ecosystem, social justice and equity
What is the Ottawa charter for health promotion?
Acknowledges that health is a fundamental right for everybody, requires an individual and collective responsibility, opportunity to have good health should be equally available, good health is an essential element of social and economic development
What are the three basic strategies of the ottawa charter?
Enable: provide opportunities for all individuals to make healthy choices through access to information, life skills and supportive environments
Advocate: To create favorable political, economic, social, cultural and physical environments and focusing on achieving equity
Mediate: facilitate/bring together individuals, groups and parties with opposing interests to work together/come to a compromise for the promotion of health
What are the 5 priority action areas?
- Developing personal skills
- Strengthen community action
- Create supportive environments
- Reorient health services towards primary health care
- Build healthy public policy
What is disease prevention
looks at diseases and how to prevent them
What are the different levels of prevention?
Primary: occurs before the biological onset -> reduces disease incidence by controlling specific causes/risk factors
Secondary: Occurs in early stages of the disease -> early detection reduces more serious consequences of the disease, reduces prevalence
Tertiary: Occurs after the disease -> reduces complications of the established disease
