Lecture 21 Neigbourhoods Flashcards
What are negatives in measuring neighborhood deprivation?
Uses a deficit approach in describing population health: encourages negative language about people
What are variables in the NZ IMD?
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What is the difference between NZDep and IMD?
They are quite similar in what they measure. There are some zones where NZDep say are very deprived but IMD say are doing ok, this is because in NZDep, 30% of the deprivation is calculated by household overcrowding while the IMD has more variables.
What are appropriate uses of the NZDep 2018?
Planning and resource allocation, Research, Advocacy. Appropriate interpretation: people living in the most deprived neighborhoods vs the most deprived people
What is ecological fallacy?
Error that arises when information about groups of people is used to make inferences about individuals
What is the relationship between the 3 levels of the dahlgren and whitehead and neighbourhoods?
The person: attitudes to physical activity, health and well-being
The community: availability of parks and recreation opportunities
The environment: Physical, built, school, work and home
When we’re addressing variations in health what is the best way?
By using upstream interventions (outermost arch) that can target the individual, community and environment
What is a healthy environment?
Physical, social or political settings that prevent disease while enhancing human health and wellbeing
Chronic diseases are more associated with environments that favour more sedentary lifestyles
What are elements of a healthy environment?
Clean air and water, appropriate housing, access to wholesome food, safe community spaces, access to transport, opportunities to incorporate exercise as part of daily life: needed to maintain good health among the population
What is the build environment?
All the buildings, spaces and products that are man made: includes structures and urban designs
How can the built environment be measured?
- measures should be context specific
- urban density (how many people)
- land use mix (residential/commercial/industrial, wasteland)
- street connectivity (
- community resources
How can urban design improve active travel and physical activity?
Street connectivity: grid-like patterns, encourages active transport because the distance between destinations is decreased
Traffic calming measures: Street width, cycle lanes, traffic management, pedestrian crossing -> facilities that encourage walking and cycling
Mix of residential commercial and business uses: different uses of land within a given zone -> increases opportunities for active transport
Public open spaces and physical activity spaces: open spaces in close proximity to residents, pools, parks playgrounds -> increase opportunity for physical activity
What is the relationship between air pollution and modes of commuting?
Peak exposures at different times. Scooters have the most average air pollution rate.
When taking into account breathing rate, walking/biking/running has the highest air pollution exposure. Increasing distance from road centre = less pollution exposure
What was the Meola Road proposal?
2 main roads, wide shared cycle paths, and trees to absorb
What is the relationship between fitness centers, overweight and physical activity?
If you have 7 fitness centres the likelihood of obesity decreases and there is a 30% more likelihood of physical exercise
