Lecture 13 Dahlgren and whitehead model Flashcards
What are the components of the public health framework?
Define the problem, Identify risk and protective factors, Develop and test prevention strategies, Assure widespread adoption
What are causes of the causes for individuals?
Any event, characteristic or definable entity that brings about a change in better or worse in health
What are some examples of causes of the causes for individuals?
Income, Education, Employment, Housing and neighbourhoods, societal characteristics, social cohesion
What are determinants of health for the population?
The concepts are similar to individuals however the way they are applied are different as characteristics of the population need to be considered. Need to also take into account the context of the problem
How does considering the characteristics of the population come into play for the Systolic blood example?
Systolic blood pressure is on average higher for Londoners than Kenya, this means that health approaches that work for londoners will not affect the same amount of people
What are downstream interventions?
Interventions that operate at the micro level, including treatment systems and disease managment
What are upstream interventions?
Interventions that operate at the macro level, including policies and trade agreements
What are distal determinants?
A determinant that is distant in time/place from the change in health status –> national, political and legal factors that indirectly influence health by acting on the proximal factors
What are proximal determinants?
A determinant that is proximate in time/place from the change in health status –> lifestyle factors, behaviours related to health
What is quintile 1?
The least deprived
What is the social gradient?
A stepwise increase in the population where those most deprived suffer the most - why isn’t everyone on a level playing field?
Describe the components of the dahlgren and whitehead model
Constitutional factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, general socioeconomic cultural and environmental conditions
Describe level 1 of the dahlgren and whitehead model
Consitutional factors - age, sex and race and individual lifestyle factors
Describe level 2 of the dahlgren and whitehead model
social and community networks + living and working conditions
What contributes to a persons perceptions of the norm?
Family, friends, attitudes and behaviours of people living and working in the community
What is social capital?
The value of social networks that facilitates bonds between similar groups of people e.g - levels of trust are higher in countries with less income inequity
Describe level 3 of the dahlgren and whitehead model
the general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions - physical, built, cultural, biological, political environments and the ecosystem
What is the natural captital?
Refers to aspects of the natural environment required to support life and human activity
What is the human capital?
Peoples skills, knowledge, physical and mental health; allows people to participate fully in work, study, recreation and in society more broadly
What is the social capital?
It includes norms and values that underpin society, includes things like trust, maori crown relationship, cultural identity and connections between people and the community
What is the financial/physical capital?
Physical and financial aspects that which have a direct role in supporting incomes and material living conditions
What is structure?
Structure is the social and physical environments that influence choices and opportunities available
What is agency?
An individuals ability to make decisions freely
What does ‘there is permeability between the factors’ mean
It means that no arch operates in isolation from the others and events at one arch may affect another arch
