Lecture 13 Dahlgren and whitehead model

Question 1

What are the components of the public health framework?

Answer 1

Define the problem, Identify risk and protective factors, Develop and test prevention strategies, Assure widespread adoption

Question 2

What are causes of the causes for individuals?

Answer 2

Any event, characteristic or definable entity that brings about a change in better or worse in health

Question 3

What are some examples of causes of the causes for individuals?

Answer 3

Income, Education, Employment, Housing and neighbourhoods, societal characteristics, social cohesion

Question 4

What are determinants of health for the population?

Answer 4

The concepts are similar to individuals however the way they are applied are different as characteristics of the population need to be considered. Need to also take into account the context of the problem

Question 5

How does considering the characteristics of the population come into play for the Systolic blood example?

Answer 5

Systolic blood pressure is on average higher for Londoners than Kenya, this means that health approaches that work for londoners will not affect the same amount of people

Question 6

What are downstream interventions?

Answer 6

Interventions that operate at the micro level, including treatment systems and disease managment

Question 7

What are upstream interventions?

Answer 7

Interventions that operate at the macro level, including policies and trade agreements

Question 8

What are distal determinants?

Answer 8

A determinant that is distant in time/place from the change in health status –> national, political and legal factors that indirectly influence health by acting on the proximal factors

Question 9

What are proximal determinants?

Answer 9

A determinant that is proximate in time/place from the change in health status –> lifestyle factors, behaviours related to health

Question 10

What is quintile 1?

Answer 10

The least deprived

Question 11

What is the social gradient?

Answer 11

A stepwise increase in the population where those most deprived suffer the most - why isn’t everyone on a level playing field?

Question 12

Describe the components of the dahlgren and whitehead model

Answer 12

Constitutional factors, individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, living and working conditions, general socioeconomic cultural and environmental conditions

Question 13

Describe level 1 of the dahlgren and whitehead model

Answer 13

Consitutional factors - age, sex and race and individual lifestyle factors

Question 14

Describe level 2 of the dahlgren and whitehead model

Answer 14

social and community networks + living and working conditions

Question 15

What contributes to a persons perceptions of the norm?

Answer 15

Family, friends, attitudes and behaviours of people living and working in the community

Question 16

What is social capital?

Answer 16

The value of social networks that facilitates bonds between similar groups of people e.g - levels of trust are higher in countries with less income inequity

Question 17

Describe level 3 of the dahlgren and whitehead model

Answer 17

the general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions - physical, built, cultural, biological, political environments and the ecosystem

Question 18

What is the natural captital?

Answer 18

Refers to aspects of the natural environment required to support life and human activity

Question 19

What is the human capital?

Answer 19

Peoples skills, knowledge, physical and mental health; allows people to participate fully in work, study, recreation and in society more broadly

Question 20

What is the social capital?

Answer 20

It includes norms and values that underpin society, includes things like trust, maori crown relationship, cultural identity and connections between people and the community

Question 21

What is the financial/physical capital?

Answer 21

Physical and financial aspects that which have a direct role in supporting incomes and material living conditions

Question 22

What is structure?

Answer 22

Structure is the social and physical environments that influence choices and opportunities available

Question 23

What is agency?

Answer 23

An individuals ability to make decisions freely

Question 24

What does ‘there is permeability between the factors’ mean

Answer 24

It means that no arch operates in isolation from the others and events at one arch may affect another arch