Lecture 23 - Myocardial infarction and Stroke Flashcards
Where in the arteries is atherosclerosis found? Why?
On the inner curvature. Low shear
Why does high shear decrease plaque formation?
High shear increases eNOS expression, which increases NO, which is a negative regulator of platelet function.
What are the anti-oxidant effects of NO?
It decreases ox-LDL, MCP-1 and endothelial expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules
What are the two main types of strokes?
Ischaemic and haemorrhagic
What causes an ischaemic stroke?
A thrombo-embolism from an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid bulb or large intra-cerebral arteries
What causes a haemorrhagic stroke?
A ruptured aneurysm
What is the treatment for an ischaemic stroke?
Inhibiting the clotting cascade
What are the two types of MI?
Non-ST-elevation and ST-elevation
What are the characteristics of NSTEMI?
No ST elevation -> no ischaemia
No troponin I -> no myocyte death
What is the cause of an NSTEMI?
A transient, partially occlusive thrombus
What is the treatment for a NSTEMI?
An antiplatelet or anti-thrombotic agent
What are the characteristics of STEMI?
ST elevation -> ischaemia
Troponin I -> heart cell death
Constant chest pain
What is the cause of STEMI?
A fully occlusive thrombus
What is the treatment for STEMI?
Thrombolysis, angioplasty and stenting
What are the long term consequences of MI?
Cardiac rupture or heart failure
