Lecture 18 - Thrombosis II

Question 1

What are the consequences of thrombosis?

Answer 1

Tissue ischaemia, infarction and embolism

Question 2

What is an embolus?

Answer 2

Detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass which is carried by the blood from its point of origin

Question 3

What is a pulmonary thromboembolism?

Answer 3

A fragment of thrombus formed in the deep veins of the leg becomes detached and is carried in the venous circulation to the right side of the heart from where it is carried into the right ventricular outflow - the pulmonary artery.

Question 4

How can an air or gas embolus form?

Answer 4

As a result of a medical mishap (large mass) or scuba diving (small bubbles)

Question 5

What can happen due tot an air or gas embolus?

Answer 5

In the heart the sudden absence of blood in the contracting ventricle can lead to the loss of the normal contractile rhythm and acute heart failure

Question 6

When can a fat embolus form?

Answer 6

in the event of major skeletal injury, fat can be released into the circulation. When metabolism doesn’t happen it can pass into systemic necrosis

Question 7

Infarction =

Answer 7

a localised area of tissue necrosis resulting from sudden reduction of either arterial supply or venous drainage

Question 8

What are the 4 types of blood supply?

Answer 8

Double, parallel, rich anastomosis, poor anastomosis

Question 9

What are the 4 modifying factors for infarction?

Answer 9

General factors (reduced oxygen carrying capacity), blood supply, rate of ischaemia development, tissue vulnerability

Question 10

Which tissues are most vulnerable to ischaemia?

Answer 10

Neurons

Question 11

Atherosclerosis =

Answer 11

a disease of the arterial intima in which there is an accumulation of lipid debris with an associated inflammatory reaction

Question 12

What do complications in developing in Fibrous Plaque involve?

Answer 12

Surface thrombosis (increases plaque in size) and intraplaque haemorrhage