lecture 23 - large intestine and liver

Question 1

what does the large intestine consist of

Answer 1

cecum, colon and rectum

Question 2

what is the function of the large inestine

Answer 2

absorption of water, storage of feces until defecation

Question 3

what is the colon of the large intestine divided into

Answer 3

• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon

Question 4

what is the ascending and descending colons in terms of peritoneum

Answer 4

retroperitoneal

Question 5

what is the transverse and sigmoid colons in terms of peritoneum

Answer 5

interperitoneal

Question 6

what is the cecum

Answer 6

blind ended pouch
- location of the appendix

Question 7

what is the appendix

Answer 7

reserve of large intestine bacteria = attached to the cecum

Question 8

what are the teniae coli

Answer 8

bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine

Question 9

what are the haustra

Answer 9

serious of pouches - allows for a little more room to store in the large intestine

Question 10

what is the omental appendices

Answer 10

sacs of fat along the large intestine

Question 11

how does the epithelium change at the anal column

Answer 11

before = simple columnar
after = stratified squamous

Question 12

what is the internal anal sphincter

Answer 12

smooth muscle = involuntary control

Question 13

what is the external anal sphincter

Answer 13

skeletal muscle = voluntary control

Question 14

what is the defecation reflex

Answer 14

movement of feces into the rectum = stimulates stretch recptors

internal anal sphincter relaxes = due to stretch

consious decision to defecate = external anal sphincter relaxes

Question 15

what is the function of the liver

Answer 15

• metabolic processes
• detoxifies blood
• produces bile

Question 16

what is the location of the liver in the abdominopelvic cavity and how is it attached to the stomach

Answer 16

superior quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity and attached via the lesser omentum

Question 17

what is the function of the gallbladder

Answer 17

stores and concentrates bile

Question 18

where does the blood supply to the liver come from (1/3 and 2/3)

Answer 18

1/3 from hepatic artery
2/3 from hepatic portal vein

Question 19

what are the lobules in the liver

Answer 19

the hexagon shaped functional units with a central vein in the middle

Question 20

what are hepatocytes in the liver

Answer 20

found in rows, produce bile

Question 21

what are liver sinusoids

Answer 21

between the rows of cells, super leaky capillaries

Question 22

what is the portal triad and where is it located

Answer 22

on the corners of the lobules (hexagon shapes)
- branch of hepatic artery
- branch of the hepatic portal vein
- a bile duct