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HUBS192 PROGRESS TEST 2 > lecture 16 - anatomy of the thorax and breathing > Flashcards

lecture 16 - anatomy of the thorax and breathing Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mediastinum region

A

the heart, vessels + pericardium

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2
Q

what are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax

A

the sternum and the vertebrae

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3
Q

what are the superior and inferior boundaries of the thorax

A

the base of the neck and the diaphragm

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4
Q

what is the pleural cavity

A

the space between the pleura

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5
Q

what is the function of parietal pleura

A
  • slippery surface for frictionless movement against other structues
  • fluid bond causes lungs to ‘stick’ to thoracic wall
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6
Q

where is the parietal pleura

A

on the outer

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7
Q

where is the visceral pleura

A

directly on the lungs

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8
Q

what is the diaphragm

A

sheet of skeletal muscle

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9
Q

what does the diaphragm seperate

A

the thorax from abdomen

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10
Q

when is the diaphragm dome shaped

A

when it is relaxed

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11
Q

when is the diaphragm flattened

A

when contracted

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12
Q

what does contraction of the diaphragm cause

A

expansion of the thoracic cavity and compression of the abdominopelvic cavity

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13
Q

where do intercostal muscles attach

A

attach diagonally between neighbouring ribs

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14
Q

what do the external intercostal muscles do

A

lift ribcage and expand cavity
- inspiration = quiet and forced

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15
Q

what do the internal intercostal muscles do

A

depress ribcage and decrease cavity
- expiration = forced only

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16
Q

what are the accessory muscles of the thorax

A

several muscles that attach to the thoracic cage

17
Q

what are the functions of the accessory muscles

A
  • some increase cavity volume for forced inspiration
  • others decrease cavity volume for forced expiration
18
Q

how is pressure related to volume in the lungs and what does this mean during inspiration and expiration

A
  • pressure inversely related to volume

inspiration = volume increases
expiration = volume decreases

19
Q

what needs to be established in order for us to be able to breathe

A

a pressure gradient

20
Q

what is the pressure like in the lungs between breaths

A

pressure inside the cavity = pressure outside
- no gradient

21
Q

what occurs in the lungs when there is an increase in volume

A

decrease in pressure, therefore air flows in

22
Q

what occurs in the lungs when there is an decreases in volume

A

increase in pressure, therefore air flows out

23
Q

what connects the sternum to the ribs

A

costal cartilage

24
Q

what is sternocostal cartilage and what type of joint is there

A

against the sternum = synovial joint

25
Q

what is the costochondral cartilage and what type of joint is here

A

against the ribs = cartilaginous

26
Q

what is the interchondral cartilage and what type of joint is here

A

connects interchondral joints which are below the sternum = synovial

27
Q

what are the prosterior thoracic joints

A

the costotransverse and the costovertebral joints

28
Q

what does the costotransverse joint connects

A

between rib and transverse process of vertebrae

29
Q

what does the costovertebral joint connect

A

between rib and body of vertebrae

30
Q

what are the muscles that are used during ‘quiet inspiration’

A

diaphragm contracts = flattens
external intercostals contract = lifts ribs

31
Q

what are the muscles that are used during ‘forced’ inspiration

A

diaphragm contracts = flattens
external intercostals contract = lifts ribs
accessory muscles contract = to further expand the thoracic cavity

32
Q

what are the muscles that are used during normal ‘quiet’ expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes = dome shaped
external intercostals relax = ribs no longer lifted

33
Q

what are the muscles that are used during ‘forced’ expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes = dome shaped
external intercostals relax = ribs no longer lifted
accessory muscles contract to further decrease cavity

34
Q

what is the lung tissue like

A

elastic = always trying to recoil

35
Q

what pleura is on the lungs

A

visceral pleura

36
Q

what pleura is on the thoracic wall

A

parietal pleura

37
Q

what is the function of the pleural fluid in between lungs and thoracic wall

A

slippery surface for frictionless movement
fluid bonds causes lungs to stick to thoracic wall

38
Q
A

HUBS192 PROGRESS TEST 2 (25 decks)

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