lecture 14 - upper respiratory tract Flashcards
what is the conducting zone and its function
nose to bronchioles
what is the function of the nasal cavity
olfaction, primary passage way for air
what is the function of the oral cavity
passage for air and food
what is the function of the respiratory zone
bronchioles to alveoli sites of gas exchange
what are the function of the cartilages in the nose
soft and flexible, maintains patent (unconstructed) airway
what is the nasal vestibule lined with
skin that has sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles
how many conchae are there and what are they called
three projections = superior, middle and inferior conchae
what are the conchae covered by
respiratory epithelium
what is the function of the conchae
swirl inspired air, particles stick to the mucosa and allows for more time of warming and humidifying the air + olfactory detection
what is the function of the nasal mucosa and where is it
- epithelium sits on lamina propria
- helps warm the air and trap particles
what are paranasal sinuses lined with
respiratory mucosa
where do the paranasal sinuses drain to
into the pharynx
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)
- lightened skull
- increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air
- sound resonance
- infected mucus can block drainage
what is the pharynx
muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system
what are the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx (air passage only), oropharynx, laryngopharynx
what mucosa is part of the nasopharynx
respiratory mucosa
where is the nasopharynx
posterior to the nasal cavity
what blocks the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
the soft palate and the uvula
where are the pharyngeal tonsils
on the prosterior wall
what is the epithelium of the oropharynx
stratified squamous
what passes through the oropharynx
air and food
where is the oropharynx
posterior to the oral cavity
where does the oropharynx go to and from
from the soft palate to the hyoid bone
where are the palatine tonsils
just below the soft palate on either side of the throat
where are the lingual tonsils
at the back of the tongue
what is the epithelium in the laryngopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
what passes through the laryngopharynx
air and food
where does the laryngopharynx go to and from
from the hyoid bone to the opening of larynx / beginning of the oesophagus
how is the upper respiratory tract lined with mucosa
epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria
what is most of the epithelium in the conducting region
respiratory epithelium
what is the epithelium where food and air travel
stratified squamous
what is the epithelium at the site of gas exchange
simple squamous
what is the epithelium at the site of olfaction
olfactory mucosa
what does respiratory epithelium stand for
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
where is respiratory epithelium found
- the nasal cavity
- part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
what do goblet cells produce
mucus (which traps and moistens air)
what are ciliated cells and what do they do
patterned movement pushes mucus towards pharynx, swallowed and digested by stomach acid
