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Biochemistry > Lecture 23 - Fundamentals of Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Fundamentals of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q 
Carbohydrates should comprise \_\_\_\_\_ of the daily values of the diet.
A.	60%
B.	35%
C.	10%
D.	50%
A

A. 60%

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2
Q 
Which of the following macromolecules is used in production of nitrogen containing molecules, hormones, and TCA intermediates?
A.	Fats
B.	Sugars
C.	Proteins
D.	Amino acids
A

D. Amino Acids

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3
Q 
Lipids should comprise \_\_\_\_\_ of the daily values of the diet.
A.	20%
B.	30%
C.	10%
D.	50%
A

B. 30%

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4
Q 
What compound is important in the production of energy through metabolism and formation of other important biomolecules.
A.	Fats
B.	Carbs
C.	Proteins
D.	AAs
A

D. Amino acids

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5
Q 
Proteins should comprise \_\_\_\_\_ of the daily values of the diet.
A.	25%
B.	30%
C.	50%
D.	10%
A

D. 10%

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6
Q 
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important as \_\_\_\_ molecules.
A.	Storage
B.	Energy
C.	Signaling
D.	Protein modifying
A

B. Energy

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7
Q 
Proteins should comprise \_\_\_\_\_ of the daily values of the diet.
A. 25%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 10%
A

D. 10%

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8
Q 
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important as \_\_\_\_ molecules.
A.	Storage
B.	Energy
C.	Signaling
D.	Protein modifying
A

B. Energy

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9
Q 
Ingested lipids are in the \_\_\_ form.
A.	Triacylglycerol
B.	Cholesterol
C.	Free fatty acid
D.	Phospholipid
A

A. Triacylglycerol

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10
Q

Lingual lipase digests ____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine

A

A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity

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11
Q

Gastric lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine

A

B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach

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12
Q

Pancreatic lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine

A

C. Trigylcerols; small intestine

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13
Q

Pancreatic lipase digests _____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine

A

C. Trigylcerols; small intestine

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14
Q 
Phospholipase digests \_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_.
A.	Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B.	Short and medium chain Fas; stomach
C.	Trigylcerols; small intestine
D.    Phoshpolipids; small intestine
A

D. Phoshpolipids; small intestine

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15
Q

Cholesterol esterase digests ____ in the _____.
A. Short and medium chain FAs; oral cavity
B. Cholesterol; small intestine
C. Trigylcerols; small intestine
D. Phospholipids; small intestine

A

B. Cholesterol; small intestine

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16
Q

A patient presents with a complaint of severe nausea after a meal. Through lab work, the patient is found to have a mutation to to gastric lipase. What type of meal might increase the patient’s discomfort?
A. A meal high in fatty acids
B. A meal high in protein
C. A meal high in carbohydrates
D. A meal that is comprised of cholesterol

A

A. A meal high in fatty acids

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17
Q

n. What 4 vitamins are derived from fatty acids?
A. B vitamins, Vit. D, Vit. K, Vit. E
B. Vit. D, Vit. E, Vit. A, Vit. K

A

B. Vitamins D,E,A, & K

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18
Q 
Vitamin B₂ (thiamine) is part of \_\_\_\_\_\_, a co-factor.
A.	Flavin adenine dinucleotide 
B.	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C.	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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19
Q 
Vitamin B₃ (niacin) is part of \_\_\_\_\_, a co-factor.
A.	Flavin adenine dinucleotide 
B.	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C.	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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20
Q 
Vitamin C is part of \_\_\_\_, a co-factor.
A.	Flavin adenine dinucleotide 
B.	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C.	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

D. Ascorbate

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21
Q 
Vitamin B₁ is part of \_\_\_\_, a co-factor.
A.	Flavin adenine dinucleotide 
B.	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C.	Thiamine pyrophosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

C. Thiamine pyrophosphate

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22
Q 
Vitamin B₅ (pantothenic acid) is part of \_\_\_\_\_, a cofactor.
A.	Flavin adenine dinucleotide 
B.	Coenzyme A
C.	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

B. Coenzyme A

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23
Q 
Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) is part of \_\_\_\_\_, a co-factor.
A.	Pyridoxal phosphate
B.	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
C.	Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate
D.	Ascorbate
A

A. Pyridoxal phosphate

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24
Q

Vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin) is part of _____, a co-factor.

A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide

B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate

D. Adenosyl cobalamin methylcobalamin

A

D. Adenosyl cobalamin methylcobalamin

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25
Q

Biotin is part of _____.

A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide

B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate

D. Biotin

A

D. Biotin

26
Q

Folate is part of ____.

A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide

B. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

C. Nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate

D. Tetrahydrofolate

A

D. Tetrahydrofolate

27
Q

Lack of vitamin C produces _____.

A. Scurvy

B. Beriberi

C. Pelligra

D. Megaloblastic anemia

A

A. Scurvy

28
Q

Lack of Vit. B₁ (thiamin) produces _____.

A. Beriberi

B. Ariboflavinosis

C. Night blindness

D. Liver damage

A

A. Beriberi

29
Q

Lack of riboflavin produces

A. Airobflavinosis

B. Night blindness

C. Beriberi

D. Anemia

A

A. Airobflavinosis

30
Q

Niacin (Vit. B₃) deficiency produces _____.

A. Pellagra

B. Anemia

C. Night blindness

D. Scurvy

A

A. Pellagra

31
Q

Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) deficiency produces ______.

A. Scurvy

B. Liver damage

C. Pellagra

D. Anemia

A

D. Anemia

32
Q

Folate deficiency produces _____.

A. Megaolblastic anemia

B. night blindness

C. Rickets

D. Liver damage

A

A. Megaolblastic anemia

33
Q

Vit. B₁₂ deficiency produces _____.

A. Megaloblastic anemia

B. Night blindness

C. Rickets

D. Liver damage

A

C. Rickets

34
Q

Lack of biotin produces _____.

A. Conjunctivitis/CNS abnormalities

B. night blindness

C. malaise

D. liver damage

A

A. Conjunctivitis/CNS abnormalities

35
Q 
Two pathways will convert inactive compounds to activated cholecalciferol (D3). They are UV radiation in the skin and \_\_\_\_\_.
A. Liver enzymes
B. Enzymes in the intestine
C. Enzymes in the blood
D. Enzymes in the skin
A

B. Enzymes in the intestine

36
Q 
25-hydroxycholecalciferol becomes activated 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the \_\_\_\_.
A. Skin
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Intestine
A

C. Kidney

37
Q

What is the “proper name” for calcitriol (Vitamin D3)?

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

38
Q 
This enzyme is responsible for managing blood calcium and phosphate concentrations.
A. Calcitriol
B. Calmodulin
C. Calsequestrin
D. Cholecalciferol
A

A. Calcitriol

39
Q 
This enzyme is responsible for the activation of vitamin K
A. gamma-hydroxylase
B. Vitamin K reductase
C. Vitamin K oxidase
D. Vitamin K Co-factor reductase
A

B. Vitamin K. reductase

40
Q 
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor to this enzyme to promote maturation of clotting cascade proteins.
A. Vitamin K Co-factor reductase
B. Vitamin K reductase
C. Vitamin K oxidase
D. gamma-hydroxylase
A

D. gamma-hydroxylase

41
Q

These are organic compounds ingested in the diet.

A

Minerals

42
Q

Minerals with a charge

A

electrolytes

43
Q 
Reduced glutathione reductase activity is noted in a patient. This patient has large amounts of free radicals in her blood. What co-factor is missing?
A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Selenium
A

D. Selenium

44
Q 
ATP degredation occurs with this molecule acting to stabilize ATP; it also helps convert ATP to cAMP; additionally, it assists kinases in their activity
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
A

A. Magnesium

45
Q 
Found in many enzymes that are required to bind high energy electrons, transport oxygen, and metabolize H2O2.
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
A

B. Iron

46
Q 
This co-factor is important in the activity of antioxidant, collagenases, phosphatases, and transcription factors. Also assists in the conversion of CO2 to HCO3 in blood pH management. 
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Zinc
A

D. Zinc

47
Q 
Assists in transport high energy electrons and oxidation of iron; also works with enzymes that reduce free radicals, cross-links collagen, and melanin synthesis
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
A

C. Copper

48
Q 
Small organic molecules derived from vitamins that function as co-factors to enzymes
A. Prosthetic group
B. Co-enzyme
C. Co-factor enabler
D. Vitamin derivatives
A

B. Co-enzyme

49
Q

Tightly bound co-enzymes

A

prosthetic group

50
Q 
Iron exists in the \_\_\_ oxidation state in the intestinal lumen.
A. Fe3+
B. Fe2+
C. Fe1+
D. Fe4+
A

A. Fe3+

51
Q 
A patient has overdosed on antacids, which act as an inhibitor of ferric reductase. What oxidation state would you expect Iron to be found in as a result?
A. Fe1+
B. Fe3+
C. Fe2+
D. Fe4+
A

B. Fe3+

52
Q 
Iron is transported through pores of the intestinal lumen following reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ by what enzyme?
A. Ferroportinase
B. Transferrin
C. Ferric reductase
D. None of the above
A

C. Ferric reductase

53
Q

3 essential FAs

A

Linolenate (omega-6 C18)
Linolate (omega-3 C18)
Arachadonate (omega-6 C20)

54
Q

18:3 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic

A

B. Linolenic

55
Q

18:2 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic

A

A. Linoleic

56
Q

20:4 essential fatty acid
A. Linoleic
B. Linolenic
C. Arachidonic

A

C. Arachidonic

57
Q 
The cholesterol precursor to Vit. D3 is found in the \_\_\_\_\_.
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Skin
D. Intestines
A

C. Skin

58
Q 
The D2 precursor to Vitamin D3 is found in the \_\_\_\_\_.
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Skin
D. Intestines
A

D. Intestines

59
Q

This shuttles reduced Iron from the intestinal lumen to the blood.
A. Ferric reductase
B. Transferrin
C. Ferroportin

A

C. Ferroportin

60
Q

This transports reduced iron in RBCs.
A. Ferroportin
B. Transferrin
C. Ferric reductase

A

B. Transferrin

Biochemistry (43 decks)

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