Lecture 15 - Lipids

Question 1

The _____ portion of a phospholipid is caused by the FA tail

Answer 1

Hydrophobic

Question 2

The ______ portion of a phospholipid is caused by the polar head group.

Answer 2

Hydrophilic

Question 3

Fatty acids are stored as _____, a fuel molecule.

Answer 3

Triacylglycerols

Question 4

12 carbon fatty acid without double bonds.

Answer 4

???anoic acid

Question 5

18 carbon FA with 1 double bonds

Answer 5

Octadecenoic acid

Question 6

18 carbon FA with two double bonds

Answer 6

Octadecedienoic acid

Question 7

What is represented here? 12:3

Answer 7

A 12 carbon FA with 3 double bonds

Question 8

Delta with superscript number indicates ______

Answer 8

Location of double bond

Question 9

The distal carbon in a fatty acid is called the ______.

Answer 9

Omega carbon

Question 10

How does one number a double bond from the distal carbon?

Answer 10

Omega carbon is 1; # is location of double bond Ex: omega-4 is the 4th carbon from the distal end with a double bond

Question 11

Most unsaturated FAs are in what steric configuration?

Answer 11

cis

Question 12

In two fatty acids of the same length, the melting point will be_____ in the unsaturated chain.

Answer 12

Lower (double bonds increase melting points)

Question 13

Melting points _____ with increasing chain length in unsaturated FAs

Answer 13

Increase

Question 14

Three essential FAs

Answer 14

Linolic - ω6 - C18

Linoleneate - ω-3 - C18

Arachidonic - ω-6 - C20

Question 15

Lipids are ______ in water.

Answer 15

Insoluble

Question 16

What is this structure?

Answer 16

Triacylglycerol

Question 17

One or more fatty acid chains, a glycerol/sphingosine backbone, and a phosphorylated alcohol

Answer 17

Phospholipid

Question 18

Glycerol backbone, fatty acid, and phosphorylated alcohol

Answer 18

a phospholipid

Question 19

Answer 19

Phosphatidate; the simplest of phospholipids and a KEY INTERMEDIATE to the synthesis of complex phospholipids

Question 20

Answer 20

Sphingosine; specialized phospholipid - contains an amino alcohol and an UNSATURATED fatty acid tail

Question 21

Sphingosine backbone with sugar facing ECF.

Answer 21

glycosphingolipid

Question 22

Answer 22

Phosphatidylserine; important in cognition/learning

Question 23

Answer 23

Phosphytidalinositol; important in cell signalling

Question 24

Answer 24

Phosphatidylcholine; important in lung surfactant

Question 25

Answer 25

Phosphatidylethanolamine; found in the white matter of the CNS

Question 26

Answer 26

diphosphatidylglyercol; important in the mitochondrial membrane; note the phosphatidyle group attached to a GLYCEROL!!!!!

Question 27

Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholamine are both found in the CNS.

What differentiates them?

Answer 27

Sphingomyelin is not a true sphingolipid derivative, as it has an amide bond in one of the FA side chains.

Question 28

Cerebrosides are the simplest _____.

A. Ganglioside

B. Glycolipid

C. Phospolipid

D. Spingolipid

Answer 28

B. Glycolipid. They are derived from sphingolipids, but contain only one sugar.