Lecture 15 - Lipids Flashcards
The _____ portion of a phospholipid is caused by the FA tail
Hydrophobic
The ______ portion of a phospholipid is caused by the polar head group.
Hydrophilic
Fatty acids are stored as _____, a fuel molecule.
Triacylglycerols
12 carbon fatty acid without double bonds.
???anoic acid
18 carbon FA with 1 double bonds
Octadecenoic acid
18 carbon FA with two double bonds
Octadecedienoic acid
What is represented here? 12:3
A 12 carbon FA with 3 double bonds
Delta with superscript number indicates ______
Location of double bond
The distal carbon in a fatty acid is called the ______.
Omega carbon
How does one number a double bond from the distal carbon?
Omega carbon is 1; # is location of double bond Ex: omega-4 is the 4th carbon from the distal end with a double bond
Most unsaturated FAs are in what steric configuration?
cis
In two fatty acids of the same length, the melting point will be_____ in the unsaturated chain.
Lower (double bonds increase melting points)
Melting points _____ with increasing chain length in unsaturated FAs
Increase
Three essential FAs
Linolic - ω6 - C18
Linoleneate - ω-3 - C18
Arachidonic - ω-6 - C20
Lipids are ______ in water.
Insoluble
What is this structure?
Triacylglycerol
One or more fatty acid chains, a glycerol/sphingosine backbone, and a phosphorylated alcohol
Phospholipid
Glycerol backbone, fatty acid, and phosphorylated alcohol
a phospholipid
Phosphatidate; the simplest of phospholipids and a KEY INTERMEDIATE to the synthesis of complex phospholipids
Sphingosine; specialized phospholipid - contains an amino alcohol and an UNSATURATED fatty acid tail
Sphingosine backbone with sugar facing ECF.
glycosphingolipid
Phosphatidylserine; important in cognition/learning
Phosphytidalinositol; important in cell signalling
Phosphatidylcholine; important in lung surfactant
Phosphatidylethanolamine; found in the white matter of the CNS
diphosphatidylglyercol; important in the mitochondrial membrane; note the phosphatidyle group attached to a GLYCEROL!!!!!
Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholamine are both found in the CNS.
What differentiates them?
Sphingomyelin is not a true sphingolipid derivative, as it has an amide bond in one of the FA side chains.
Cerebrosides are the simplest _____.
A. Ganglioside
B. Glycolipid
C. Phospolipid
D. Spingolipid
B. Glycolipid. They are derived from sphingolipids, but contain only one sugar.
