Lecture 23 Flashcards
What are ICM?
Inner cell mass that make up an animal
What is a blastocyst?
the clump of cells that takes 5 days to form
What do the outer cells do in the blastocyst?
Give rise to the placenta and other tissues
What happens to the ICM when it implants?
They grow over time and change positions to form an embryo
What is a zygote?
fertilized egg
What are stem cells?
They are cells in a blank state with no specialized function
Where are stem cells located?
In the blastocyst phase
What are transcription factors?
Factors that are proteins and regulate which areas of the DNA will be transcribed into mRNA
Who determine which genes are expressed?
transcription factors
What are internal cues? What is an example?
Transcription factors in the cytoplasm of the OG zygote that will eventually be present in the cells that come from it
What are stem cells dependent on?
Their location and transcription factors
What are external cues?
Involved cell signaling from other cells. Other things can be stuff like environmental effects
What is the difference between embryo stem cells and somatic cells?
Somatic cells have more chance of being any cell compared to somatic. These are more limited
What are some cons to stem cells?
It runs the possibility of the body rejecting it such as organ or tissue
How can somatic cells be better?
Can turn into many cells and pluripotent
What are the two types of stem cells?
Adult/tissue and embryonic
What do adult/tissue stem cells do?
They make cells in their own tissues. Ex: blood cells make blood cels.
What are embryonic cells?
They are pluripotent and make any cells, not specific
When are embryonic cells made?
At the beginning when there is no blood or bone created. Once the body develops, they become restricted
What was done in the iPS study?
It was a study to reverse specialized cells to embyonic cells and no longer have functions
What were the results of the iPS study?
They made a new cell to make other specialied cells go back to an embryonic state or pluripotent cell.
