1.27.2024 Reading Material Flashcards
Khan Academy Video 1/2 & Assigned Readings
What is the centromere?
Part in the middle and
chromosomes are always considered as one because of their centromere
What is true about all chromosome pairs?
They are all considered homologous
What is prophase 1 of meioisis?
Chromosomes pair up together to form a tetrad
What is the process called where chromosomes pair up?
synapsis
What is the process called where chromosomes overlap?
chiasma
What is the railroad cross where chromosomes swap materials called?
synaptonemal complex or genetic recombination
How many gametes are formed later in meiosis?
4 which are known as recombinant which increases genetic variation
What are the variation of genes called?
alleles
What is the law of segregation?
The passing of either “A” or “a” and so on
What is the law of independent assortment?
Where alleles get sorted into gametes independently
What is the law of dominance?
whatever allele is dominant will show
What is the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory?
Where chromosomes are the basis for genetic inheritance.
Where did genetic as we know originate from?
Columbia University in a small room known as the “fly room”
What was observed in the “flyroom”?
Were seen that the male flies had mutations in their eye color that changed from red to white
What was concluded in the flyroom?
It was concluded that there must have been a mutation that was carried in the chromosomes
What did Morgan propose from the flyroom study?
Morgan proposed that genes must be in the chromosomes and assorted in beads where each one is a different gene which led to the foundation of the chromosome theory of heredity
Who were the three student of Morgan in the flyroom?
Herman Muller, Alfred Sturtevant, and Calvin Bridges
What did Herman Muller discover/do?
He was awarded the nobel prize for showing x rays can trigger artificially trigger mutations and showed what genes do based on mutations
What did Alfred Sturtevant discover/do?
He devised a method on creating maps to show the location of genes on a chromosome such as eye color, height, etc.
What did Calvin Bridges discover/do?
He spotted a mutation from a fly that had bright red eyes vs. the normal deep red. He also published a book showed what happens when chromosomes fail to properly separate after crossing over
