Lecture 22/3 - milk hygiene Flashcards

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1
Q

Vilka authorities är ansvariga för Raw milk quality and industry?

A
  • Jordbruksverket - på gården, innan mjölken hämtas
  • Livsmedelsverket - efter att mjölken hämtats på gården

• Dairy cooperatives and their
members – Quality assurance programme

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2
Q

I vilka punkter i produktionen av mjölk kan påverka i rå mjölk?
från ko till kartong
Vad påverkar?

A
Pre-milking
•Genetics
•Feeding
•Physiology
•Pathology

Milking
•Degree of udder emptying
•Milking process
•Milking frequency

Post-milking
•Mechanical handling
•Contamination
•Cold storage
•Dairy processing
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3
Q

Vad är Milk quality för dairy processor?

A

• Sensory properties:
–se ut och smaka som mjölk

• Milk composition
– Fat and protein - Bestämmer pris

• Hygienic quality
– Bacteria: Pathogenic och Product deteriorating
– Somatic cells

• Adulteration - tillsatt
– Water
– Residues, e.g. antibiotic
– Contaminants, e.g mycotoxins, disinfectants

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4
Q

Vilka är de lägsta kraven när det kommer till lagen?

Dvs vad reglerar lagen?

A

Minimum criteria based on EC Regulation
– Total bacteria count (<100,000 cfu/ml)
– Somatic cell count (< 400,000 cells/ml)
– No antibiotic residues

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5
Q

När får mjölk ej levereras?

Nämn några exempel

A
  • Sjukdommar som kan påverka mjölken
  • antibiotics utan karantän
  • been fed moldy feed - giftigt
  • utspädd mjölk
  • konstigt utseende
  • strange odour and taste
  • för mycket bacteria eller konstig composition
  • The somatic cell count is too high
  • It’s from a cow in early lactation (colostrum)
  • It’s from a cow in late lactation (dry cow)
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6
Q

Hur fungerar sampeling av mjölk?

A
  • Performed by the tank driver - görs automatiskt

* Raw milk analysis must begin within 24 hours

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7
Q

Vad visar fett och protein tester?

A
  • Guidance towards high quality milk composition

* Fat and protein is basis for milk payment

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8
Q

Vilka roller kan bakterier ha i mjölken?

A

process, health benefits, spoliage, sjuka

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9
Q

Vad kan högt bakterie tal bero på?

Om det sker snabbt

A
• Sudden increase in number
– Cooling of tank not efficient
– Poor performance of milking equipment
– Poor water quality
– Udder health disturbance
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10
Q

Vad tyder sporformande bakterier på?

Vilka är av betydelse?

A

• Indicator of
– Feed hygiene
– Animal hygiene

• Bacillus cereus (jordbakterie - spena)
 Clostridium thyrobutyricum (jordbak - ensilage)
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11
Q

Vilka typer av smakfel finns, vad kan de bero på?

Ge några exempel

A

• Sour or acid taste
– High bacteria number: Cleaning of milking equipment, Cooling of milk

• Unclean
– Contaminating air from cow shed
– Certain bacteria

• Oxidation
– Reaction between milk fat and oxygen: Balance between pro- and antioxidant intake, Milk fat composition

• Rancid
– Milk fat quality, free fatty acids: Milking equipment, stage of lactation, feeding

• Chemical
– Originates from chemicals in the environment, e.g.
teat dipping products, wound paste, rubber or plastic
details of milking equipment

• Feed flavour
– Enters milk via inhalation, feed intake, air

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12
Q

Vad är somatiska celler indikator på?

A

Indicator of general udder health in the herd

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13
Q

Vilka mastit typer finns?

Vad beror det på?

A

A. Clinical mastitis: syns
B. Subclinical mastit: syns ej, största del

Beror på bakterie infektin och/eller mekanisk skada på juvret

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14
Q

Vad tyder frys punkt på?

A

Om tillsatt vatten

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15
Q

Hur ser the food security chain ut?

I produktionen

A
1) Milk produktion: 
Clean and healthy animals
 Good farm hygiene 
Good milking hygiene
Cooling Cleaning/disinfection
bestämmer: Milk payment scheme
- kyls
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16
Q

Varför hämtas mjölk varannan dag?

A
  • Hämtar varannan dag (annars problem mer bakterer- måste pastöriseras)
  • miceller tar skada av att vara kyld
17
Q

Vad kan högt bakterie tal bero på?

Om det sker långsamt

A

• Slow increase in number
– Poor performance of milking equipment
– Clogging of milking equipment and/or milk tank
– Supply of hot water not sufficient

18
Q

Varför bry sig om mastit när det kommer till produktion?

A

Minskar mjölkproduktionen och förändrar kompositionen.

Mindre ostutbyte t.e.x

19
Q

Hur ser the food security chain ut?

i dietary plant

A

Dietary plant
Termisation Pasteurization Sterilisation Microfiltration Bactofugation Cooling Fermentation Low water activity Cleaning/disinfection Packaging

kontrolleras med: Quality control
-kyls