Lecture 21-24

Question 1

aggulation

Answer 1

visible clumping requires cells, not possible to see smaller samples

Question 2

Ouchterlony–

Answer 2

like agglutination but can be used on proteins, can also give comparative analysis between samples

Question 3

Fluorescent staining

Answer 3

Fluorescent Staining – need to get the antibodies into fixed and permeabilized cells to visualize
– Multiple types of microscopy used
– Can utilize fluorescent dyes, labels and endogenous
fluorescence

Question 4

conjugative plasmids

Answer 4

Conjugative plasmids: transmitted during conjugation, carry a variety of information

Question 5

resistance plasmid

Answer 5

Resistance plasmids (R): protect against environmental factors, MDR (multiple drug resistance) plasmids

Question 6

Colicinogenic plasmids (Col)

Answer 6

: codes for proteins that kill other microbes

Question 7

degradative plasmids

Answer 7

Degradative plasmids: contain genes for novel catabolic enzymes

Question 8

virulence plasmids

Answer 8

Virulence plasmids (vir): increases the pathogenicity of a
bacteria (eg: toxins)

Question 9

Vector

Answer 9

A vector is a plasmid that has been streamlined and modified to make it amenable to carrying a payload of DNA

Question 10

Components of a clinging vector

Answer 10

– Origin of replication (make more)
– Positive selection gene (only cells w/ vector live)
– Insert differentiation gene (cells w/ insert look different)
– Cloning sites (places to insert foreign DNA)

Question 11

R/M system

Answer 11

– Host DNA is modified by methylation at a specific
DNA sequence
– Unmethylated DNA is restricted, or cut, at the same sequence if it is not methylated