BMSC 240 Lecture 9-10

Question 1

Serial Dilution

Answer 1

divide by the volume plated, multiply by the volume of the tube ,divide by the volume placed in that tube from the previous.

Question 2

Antibiotic

Answer 2

kills bacteria

Question 3

bacteriolytic-

Answer 3

cause decrease in OD

Question 4

Bacteriostatic

Answer 4

causes growth curve to level off

Question 5

toxic dose

Answer 5

amount harmful to humans

Question 6

Antimicrobial targets

Answer 6

inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, injury to plasma membrane.

Question 7

Cell wall inhibitors

Answer 7

i.e penecillins and cephalaphorins(lytic). All contain B-lactan ring. irreversible bind and and inhibit transpeptidase in the periplastmic space.

Question 8

Protein synthesis inhibitor

Answer 8

i.e tetracycline. affects ribosomes/ mRNA and tRNA.

Question 9

Plasma membrane Damage

Answer 9

i.e. polysporin. polymyxins and daptomycin.

Question 10

Nucleic Acid synthesis inhibition

Answer 10

Rifamycin-inhibit mRNA synthesis. counteract lyprosy,

Quinolones-inhibit DNA gyrase and DNA replication… cipofloxin.

Question 11

Metabolic inhibitors

Answer 11

blocks an enzyme needed to produce folate.

Question 12

ways to misuse antibiotics

Answer 12

1. ) discontinuing them before you the pathogen is eradicated.
2. ) using poorly chosen antibiotic
3. ) use of antibiotic against viral infection
4. )

Question 13

What are the 5 modes of resistance

Answer 13

1. ) drug modification/destruction.
2. ) pathway protection
3. ) Target alteration
4. ) Rapid efflux
5. ) Alternative pathways

Question 14

What is a plasmid?

Answer 14

small, extrachromosomal ring of DNA that can be transferred to other individuals or species.