Lecture 20

Question 1

For Rabies list the clinical signs

Answer 1

Rabies clinical signs
acute encephalitisin warm blooded hosts
outcome is fatal within 4 days of the first symptoms
first symptoms are non-specific like lethargy, fever, vomiting and anorexia
signs progress to cerebral dysfunction, ataxia, weakness etc.

Question 2

What is the pathogenies for rabies virus

Answer 2

Rabies virus pathogenesis
infection of myocytes at site of bite->virus goes to local sensory and motor neurones at site of bite-> virus spreads to the CNS-> when it reaches the CNS it goes back out to the body via the peripheral nerves -> virus goes to saliva and is spread through saliva transmission.

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

Epidemiology rabies
transmission from dog bite depends on location of the bite, if its on the face that is closer to the CNS than the leg and therefore the infection will occur quicker
more likely to infect younger animals
incubation period varies

Question 4

How do you control rabies

Answer 4

Control- rabies
vaccination is most effective
education on dog behaviour and bite prevention

Question 5

List the various diagnostic techniques for rabies

Answer 5

diagnostic techniques for rabies
Gold standard: direct fluorescent ab technique
accuracy depends on: expertise of readers quality of reagents and basic equipment
the test is back up by RT-PCR and virus isolation

Question 6

Australian bat lyssavirus

Answer 6

Australian bat lyssavirus clinical signs 
in bats; can vary 
-overt aggression 
-paralysis 
-respiratory difficulties 
-can't fly 
In horses can infect horse

Question 7

For bovine ephemeral fever virus discuss epidemiology

Answer 7

bovine ephemeral fever virus epidemiology;
infected animals are only sick for a few days (3 day sickness) seen as a short fever, shivering, lameness, transmitted by mosquitoes and biting midges.
endemic in north Australia
epidemic in subtropical and temperature areas

Question 8

List the clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever virus

Answer 8

clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever virus;
3 stages
acute; appears suddenly
fever
shiver
backs archer and heads low
discharge from eyes and nostril
second stage;
muscular stiffness and lameness in 1 or more limbs
-2ndary bloat from inflammation
-recovery, heavy animals may go down and may not get up again.

Question 9

Bovine ephemeral fever virus explain diagnosis

Answer 9

bovine ephemeral fever virus diagnosis
diagnosed from presence of lameness, muscular stiffness, pain etc.
PCR detection of ag
blood tests detection of ab

Question 10

How is Bovine ephemeral fever virus prevented

Answer 10

Bovine ephemeral fever virus prevention
there is a modified live vaccine which provides long lasting protection
initial vaccine should be admin. 2x (twice) 2-4 weeks apart under the skin

Question 11

Discuss epidemiology for vesicular stomatitis

Answer 11

epidemiology for vesicular stomatitis
infection occurs in domestic cattle, horse, swine
infection is short lived
its similar to FMD SVD (swine vesicle disease)

Question 12

For Vesicular stomatitis list the clinical signs

Answer 12

Clinical signs; vesicular stomatitis
first manifestation; excessive salivation
broken vesicles in mouth
lesions on feet and teat

Question 13

For vesicular stomatitis virus with epidemiology state direct contact, fomites and vectors

Answer 13

epidemiology for vesicular stomatitis virus
-direct contact; infected animals salivate excessively there are high levels of the virus in the saliva
-Fomites easy to contaminate facilities and environment making it easy to transmit from animal to animal
-Vectors;
mechanical vectors by bitting or nonbiting flies
biological vectors by flies

Question 14

vesicular stomatitis virus

Answer 14

vesicular stomatitis virus  diagnosis 
need to ensure its not FMD, SVD, VES
use PCR
vial isolation 
indirect ELISA