Lecture 20 Flashcards
____% of Canada’s area is lakes
8%
Canada has ____ lakes then any other country
more
_____% of Canada’s area is lakes and wetlands
20%
There are over _____ lakes with an area of over 1000km^2 in Canada
45
How many lakes are there in Manitoba that have an area over 1000km^2
8
Canada has or shares with the USA ___ of the worlds 20 largest lakes
7
Lake Winnipeg is number ____ of the worlds 20 largest lakes
13
Canadian rivers discharge about ____% of the worlds renewable water supply
9%
What are 5 issues facing water quality in Canada?
1) Infectious agents
2) Oxygen-demanding waste
3) Plant nutrients
4) Toxic inorganics
5) Toxic organics
What is the number 1 issue facing water quality in Canada?
Infectious agents
What infectious agent was found in Walkerton Ontario’s water supply in 2000 and what did it cause
E coli
7 deaths
5000 sick with bloody diarrhea
Where was Beaver fever found?
Giardia
Where/when was Cryptosporidium found and what did it cause?
In North Battleford in 2001
7000 sick with vomiting, diarrhea and high fever
Define oxygen-demanding waste
As organic matter is decomposed by bacteria and fungi those organisms are depleting the oxygen in the water and causing shit to die
What is oxygen demanding waste known as by scientists
BOD
Biological oxygen demand
What does BOD stand for
Biological oxygen demand
When things are dumped in rivers what causes organisms to die?
The depletition of oxygen by the organisms decomposing the things dumped in the water
What does plant nutrients in water lead too what is it ?
Eutrophication: When the agent of limiting the growth of organisms is removed
What are 3 categories of toxic inorganics and 2 examples for each
1) Heavy metals (Lead, Hg)
2) Non metals (Br, S)
3) Acids and bases
What are 3 categories of toxic organics?
1) Endocrine disruptors
2) Pulp and paper effluent
3) Sediment
What’s one example of an endocrine disruptor and what does it do?
BPA which interferes with humans nervous systems
Give an example of where pulp and paper effluent affected the ecosystem and why
In some areas of Lake Superior there are no male fish because the effluent of estrogen levels
Why is sediment a problem for water quality?
It interferes with biological processes
What are the 3 ways of water use in Canada and describe each
1) Withdrawal: Taking water out of an ecosystem but then returning it
2) Consumption: Taking water out of an ecosystem and not returning it to the same ecosystem
3) Group use: How much water is actually needed to do a job
What is the largest withdrawal of water in Canada (2015) and why
Thermal power generation because they boil water to create steam to get power
How many water systems are there in Canada
2500
What are three levels of water treatment in Canada?
1) Primary
2) Secondary
3) Tertiary
True or false; to achieve tertiary water treatment the water must go through primary and secondary treatment
True
What method does primary water treatment use and what does it remove?
Filters and sedimentation
Lumps and Chunks
Where are primary water systems mostly found?
Montreal and Quebec
What method does secondary water treatment use and what does it remove?
Activated Sludge
Bacteria, other biota and BoO
Where are secondary water systems found?
Winnipeg and Ontario?
What methods does Tertiary systems use and what does it remove?
Many methods
Nutrients and heavy metals
Where are tertiary water systems found?
Saskatchewan, Alberta and cities near the great lakes
What provinces have no water systems, or about 50% of the population
Newfoundland and Labrador
The territories
Why do only a few cities in Canada have tertiary water systems?
Because it costs a shit ton of money and those provinces aren’t close to any free water so they have to be able to return the water
Why do some provinces not have any water treatment systems?
Because they are close to the ocean and therefore just dump it right back and get new water
