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Microbiology Final > Lecture 20-25 > Flashcards

Lecture 20-25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following processes will destroy spores?
A. Disinfection
B.Sterilization
C.Antisepsis
D.All these methods

A

B.

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2
Q

Disinfectants are commonly used on inanimate objects while a medical practitioner would sterilization or antisepsis on a patient to ensure their wound is cleaned.
T/F?

A

False

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3
Q

Which of the following would be a mechanism used by a disinfectant to kill a pathogenic microbe, but not used by an antiseptic?
A. Bacterial Membrane Damage
B.Oxidation
C.These mechanisms can be used by both disinfectants and antiseptic
D. Macromolecule Cross-linking

A

C.

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4
Q

Antibiotics that arrest bacterial growth are considered A.______
,while antibiotics that directly kills a bacterium are considered B._________

A

A. Bacteriostatic
B. Bactericidal

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5
Q

A powerful bactericidal antibiotic would likely be effective against which of the following:
A. Fungi
B. Viruses
C. All of these
D. Bacteria

A

D.

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6
Q

Bacteria gain antibiotic resistance through mutations acquired over time that are passed on to daughter cells, but antibiotic resistance is never transferred through horizontal gene transfer.
T/F

A

False

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7
Q

Which of the following would be part of the second line of defense for the human immune system?
A. Cytotoxic T-cells
B. Antibodies
C. Phagocytic White Blood cells
D. Memory B-cells

A

C.

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8
Q

An example of an exogenous pyrogen would be which of the following?
A. Lipid A
B. Cytokines
C. Histamines
D. Interleukins

A

A

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9
Q

The adaptive immune system typically is typically what any microbial pathogen encounters when first infecting a new host.
T/F

A

False

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10
Q

Artificial active immunity is commonly acquired by what mechanism?
A. Antibody Transfusion
B. Vaccination
C. Previous Exposure to a Pathogen
D. None of these

A

B.

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11
Q

Which of the following types of pathogens would not fulfill Koch’s original postulates, even though they are the cause of a disease?
A. A pathogen that cannot be cultured in a lab.
B. All of these are Correct
C. A pathogen that can only cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
D. A pathogen that can only cause disease if another pathogen also causes an infection.

A

B.

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12
Q

The infectious dose (ID50) of an organism is NOT directly correlated with its lethality.
T/F

A

True

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13
Q

Which of the following is not typically used for adhesion?
A. Pili
B. Capsule
C. Type 3 Secretion System
D. Adhesins

A

C.

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14
Q

Persistence is just the ability for a pathogen to infect a host and has nothing to do with survival within the host.
T/F

A

False

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15
Q

Intracellular pathogens are able to survive within host cells, which provides what advantage?
A. They are more easily transmissible between hosts.
B. Only viruses can be intracellular pathogens.
C. There is no Advantage
D. They are able to hide from the host immune system.

A

D.

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16
Q

Which of the following virulence factors would cause more indirect host damage from immune system overstimulation?
A. Lipid A
B. Phospholipase
C. Hemolysin
D. Mucinases

A

A.

17
Q

Scarlet fever and rheumatic fever are dangerous diseases, but most of the damage to the host is caused by what?
A. Exotoxins directly killing host cells
B. A lethal type 3 secretion system
C. Collateral damage from the human immune system
D. Powerful hemolysins produced by Streptococcus

A

C.

18
Q

Which of the following is not a form of direct person-to-person transmission?
A. Anal/Vaginal/Oral Sex
B. Contact with bodily fluids
C. Sneezing on someone
D. Human Infection from a Bug Bite

A

D.

19
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes can live on healthy individuals and be passed around without causing disease. However, stressors to the host or transformation into a pathogenic strain can trigger an infection. Therefore this bacterium can be considered a what?
A. Mutualistic organism
B. Colonizing opportunistic pathogen
C. Simple opportunistic pathogen
D. Primary/Frank pathogen

A

B.

20
Q

A person infected with the influenza A virus with severe symptoms would be considered a 1._______
and a 2. _______ , but a doorknob that the infected person sneezed on would be considered a 3. ________
Drop box options
Vector
Reservoir
Active carrier
Formite

.

A
  1. Vector
  2. Active Carrier
  3. Formite
21
Q

Which of the following would you not expect to find in a viral particle?
A. Protein Capsid
B. RNA
C. ATP Synthase
D. Phospholipid membrane

A

C.

22
Q

Which of the following methods of viral entry would require specific interactions between host cell surface receptors and viral surface proteins?
A. None of these Methods
B. All of these Methods
C. Endocytosis.
D. Membrane fusion.

A

B.

23
Q

Which of the forms of viral shedding usually results in immediate host cell death?
A. Transduction
B.Exocytosis
C. Budding
D. Apoptosis

A

D.

24
Q

Which of the viruses in the following Baltimore classification groups would not likely need viral-derived RNA polymerases upon infection according to the table discussed in class?
A. Group II
B. Group IV
C. Group I
D. Group VI

A

C.

25
Q

Which virus-derived enzyme is important for Group VI and VII viruses to polymerize DNA from RNA templates?
A. Reverse transcriptase
B. RNA Polymerase
C. DNA Polymerase I
D. DNA Polymerase III

A

A

26
Q

What type of immunity can be attributed to antibodies given to you by your mother?
A. Natural Active Immunity
B. Artificial Active Immunity
C. Natural Passive Immunity
D. Artificial Passive Immunity

A

C.

27
Q

Whole-cell vaccines don’t always use live microbes.
T/F

A

True

28
Q

For a trivalent vaccine, you could expect what?
A. It needs 3 doses to be effective.
B. It contains 3+ charged ions.
C. It uses 3 Heat-killed microbes
D. It contains 3 different strains of a pathogen

A

D.

29
Q

Subunit vaccines use antigens that are parts of microbes.
T/F

A

True

30
Q

Viruses like HPV can cause long-term diseases like cancer, however, the risk of this can be significantly reduced with vaccination.
T/F

A

True

Microbiology Final (12 decks)

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