Exam #1 (Microscopy-Cell Structures) Flashcards
A good molecular chronometer slowly mutants so there are rarely any sequence differences in the long term.
T/F
False. Why, it must be slow and constant rate of mutation.
If you wanted to observe structures within a cell, then you would least likely use which of the following technologies?
A. Fluorescence microscopy
B. Transmission election microscopy (TEM)
C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
D. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy
C.
Which of the following is true about the 16S rRNA gene.
A. It is not useful for archaea.
B. It can be isolated from mitochondria.
C. It is a major component of the small subunit in the eukaryotic ribosome.
D. It rapidly mutates over a short period of time.
A.
Which of the following methods requires sequencing one or all the genes of a bacterium?
A. whole genome phylogeny
B. In silico (computer-based) DNA-DNA hybridization.
C. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny
D. All of these
D.
In the portion of a protein exposed to the extracellular environment (i.e. water), you would expect amino acids with 1. ___________ groups to be facing internally, while the amino acids with 2. ________ groups facing externally.
- Hydrophobic
- Hydrophilic
What is true about fMet, Selenocysteine, Pyrrolysine?
A. They are only found in bacteria.
B. None of them are incorporated into proteins.
C. They are some of the few proteinogenic non-standard amino acids.
D. These are not amino acids.
C.
Polypeptides have this orientation and are typically read and polymerized in this direction.
A. C terminus to N terminus
B. N terminus to C terminus
C. 5’ to 3’
D. 3’ to 5’
B.
Which macromolecule is the most abundant in a typical cell.
A. Phospholipids
B. D-alanine
C. DNA
D. NAG
A.
What is the type of bond linking the Glycerol (Backbone) Component to the Fatty Acid tail in a Phospholipid?
A. Peptide Bond
B. Hydrogen Bond
C. Phosphodiester Bond
D. Ester Bond
D.
Arrange the following molecules in order of the least abundant to the most abundant in a typical bacterial cell.
A. Protein, DNA, RNA
B. DNA, RNA, Proteins
C. DNA, Protein, RNA
D. RNA, DNA, Protein
B.
Which part of LPS in Gram-negative bacteria is commonly used for serotyping?
A. O-antigen
B. Lipid A
C. Core polysaccharide
D. Peptidoglycan
A.
Some bacteria like Mycoplasma species don’t have cells walls, therefore which of the following would likely be true?
A. they are likely a coccus (sphere) shape
B. They would use L-surgars
C. They are not susceptible to antibiotics like penicillin
D. Their membranes are not made of phospholipids
C.
At high temperatures, a cell must prevent its membrane from becoming too fluid by integrating Saturated fatty acids.
T/F
True
The antibiotic tetracycline will bind to what part of the peptidoglycan cell wall?
A. D-Glutamic acid
B. D-Alanine
C. L-Alanine
D. None of these
B.
Based on what you know about endospores, which of the following statements is false?’
A. Typically has a lower water content than the bacterium that formed it.
B. Help protect bacteria, but, luckily, easily destroyed by light disinfection.
C. Can allow bacteria to stay dormant longer than a human lifespan.
D. Contains the tightly packed DNA of the bacterium.
B.
