lecture 2 (virtue ethics)

Question 1

Consequentialism and deontology are

Answer 1

act focused (the morally relevant element of a situation are properties of the action)

For consequentialists, that the act maximizes the good

For deontologiests that the act does not break certain rules

VE is agent focused (the morally relevant element of a situation are properties of the person acting)

There properties are commonly referred to as virtues or character traits

A disposition to think, feel, and act in certain ways in certain circumstances

Question 2

Virtue ethics asks the question

Answer 2

how should I be

Does not base morality on right action but on good character

Question 3

Aristotles VE

Answer 3

to be good is to have a flourishing life

Virtue as excellence performing ones function

An excellent knife has the function of cutting (properties, sharpness, firmness of handle, weight)

An excellent person has the function of practical wisdom

properties: honesty, generosity or kindness

Question 4

doctrine of the mean

Answer 4

virtues lie between avice of excess and a vice of deficiency

Question 5

Example of doctrine of the mean:

Answer 5

fear and confidence:

deficiency: cowerdice
Mean: courage
Excess Rashness

Pleasure and pain:
Deficiency: insensibility
Mean: temperance
excess: self indulgence

Getting and spending
Deficiency: Stinginess
Mean: generosity
Excess: Extravagance