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Musculoskeletal MBCHB 2 > Lecture 2; The Skin > Flashcards

Lecture 2; The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the layers of the skin;

A

Superficial: Epidermis -basement membrane- Dermis Sub cutaneous fat

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2
Q

Describe the epidermis layers;

A

Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum (hemidesmosomes give appearance) Stratum basilar Basement membrane (anchors stratum spinosum) Melanocytes

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3
Q

Describe the anatomical features found in the skin

A

Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous fat Nail Hair Eccrine sweat glands Pilosebacous unit

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4
Q

What are the basic functions of the skin;

A

Protection Immune Vit D synthesis Temperature regulation Sensory organ Fluid balance Psychology

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5
Q

What is the role of skin colour and disease?

A

Darker skin protects against folate degradation (the protein that absorbs UV) However, in lower latitude places darker persons can have more skin conditions due to decreased UV absorption.

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6
Q

Vit D Deficiency leads to;

A

Rickets Osteoporosis

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7
Q

Are there keratinocytes in the skin?

A

Yes, 10 to 1 melanocytes. They produce keratin which is highly present in the skin.

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8
Q

Describe the basement membrane found between the epidermis and dermis.

A

Dual layer; Superficial #Hemidesmosomes anchoring cells such as keratinocytes - laminar lucida - laminar densa #Collagens I.e 7 and 3. Deep.

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9
Q

What’s a condition impacting the hemidesmosomes anchoring keratinocytes to the basement membrane?

A

Bullocks pemphigoid Might be a protein targeting the hemidesmosomes anchoring keratinocytes to the basement membrane Blistering appearance.

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10
Q

What can a gene mutation in collagen type seven cause in the basement membrane

A

Epidermolysis bullous

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11
Q

What does milignant changes in melanocytes cause? Extra Q; in a melanoma, what is the white in the mole?

A

Melanoma Extra; white spots can be caused by the body creating antibodies to the cancerous melanocytes.

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12
Q

Describe the embryological origin of melanocytes

A

Melanocytes are derived from neural crest cells in the formation of the neural tube.

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13
Q

What is the disease where melanocytes are destroyed

A

Vitiligo Note the clinical symmetrical appearance

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14
Q

Keratin forms;

A

Hair Nails Skin

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15
Q

Describe the types of keratin and potential keratin related genetic conditions

A

54 variants of keratin type one (ch. 17) and type two (ch. 12). Diff tissues have dif keratin combinations Pachyonychia congetia

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16
Q

Describe Pachyonychia congetia features

A

Keratin 6a mutation on ch 12 Clinical notes; Cysts can form Thick nail beds Plantar pain Mucosal involvement

17
Q

What’s the function of the dermis and what’s found in it?

A

Structural and nutritional support to the epidermis. Muccopolysaccharides. Elastin Collagen Vessels Cells; - fibroblasts - macrophages - mast cells - dermal dendritic cells

18
Q

What conditions occurs with excess collagen?

A

Scleroderma

19
Q

What is the function of subcutaneous fat?

A

Protection Insulation Energy sources Biologically active - hormone interaction I.e leptin and generation.

20
Q

What is the inflammation of subcutaneous fat called?

A

Panniculitis

21
Q

Review the diagram of the nail bed from each view.

A

Do it now.

22
Q

Review hair follicle diagram

A

Now.

23
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Inflammation of the hair follicle

24
Q

Describe where deep inflammation of the hair follicle and what it can lead to?

A

Deep inflammation of the hair follicle can result in damage to the bulge area of the hair follicle containing stem cells. Damage to this area leads to intense scarring; Discoid lupus erythromotsus. More common in pasifika and Maori.

25
Q

How does the eccrine sweat gland function

A

Symp. Nerve. Ach stimulated.

26
Q

What does blockage of the pilosebacous unit lead to?

A

Acne vulgaris.

27
Q

How does the skin protect?

A

Tough mechanical layer Micro biome protection

28
Q

What are two conditions related to immunity when the skin barrier is broken?

A

Atopic Eczema Contact dermatitis.

29
Q

Describe fluid loss in the skin when it’s layers are broken and an example;

A

Drugs can cause toxic epidermal necrolysis. Shedding of epidermis. Fluid management becomes very important as does infection prophylaxis.

30
Q

Describe the physiological functions of skin again;

A

• Immune organ • Temperature regulation • Vitamin D synthesis • Fluid balance • Sensory organ • Protection (against external environment

31
Q

Describe the layers

A

Epidermis

Dermis

Capillary bed

Sub cutaneous fat

32
Q

Describe the layers

A

Stratum corneum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum Basale

Basement membrane

Melanocytes

33
Q

Identify the structures

A
34
Q

Identify the structures

A
35
Q

Identify the structures

A
36
Q

Identify the structures

A

Musculoskeletal MBCHB 2 (33 decks)

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