Gluteal region and posterior thigh Flashcards
What are the anatomical boundaries of the gluteal region?
Iliac crest creates the superior boundary. Gluteal sulcus creates the inferior aspect. Located posteriorly to the pelvis.
What holds the pelvis together? Give examples
Ligaments;
Sacrotuberous (continuous with post. sacroiliac lig) extends across sciatic notch along with sacrospinous ligament. Converts notch into greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
lower limb arteries and nerves i.e sciatic nerve
What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Structures entering or leaving the perineum
What ligament extends between the ASIS and pubic tubercle?
Inguanal ligament
What are the rotators of the femur?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli (sup. and Inf.)
Quadratus femoris
What are the abductors of the femur found in the pelvis?
Gluteus medius and minimus
What is the function of the gluetus maximus?
Hip extensor
What are the muscles of the posterior thigh compartment?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinous
Semimembranous
Adductor magnus
What are the origins of the post. compartment muscles?
Biceps femoris; Long head, Ischial tuberosity, Short head, Linea aspera.
Semitendinous, Ischial tuberosity
Semimembranous, ischial tuberosity
Adductor magnus, Adductor part, inferior pubic ramus, hamstring part, ischial tuberosity.
What gives rise to the gluteal arteries?
Internal iliac art gives rise to the gluteal arteries.
Describe the route of the sciatic nerve;
Sciatic nerve exits under the gluteal maximus, inferior to piriformis. Splits in the distal thigh (although can be much higher, imp consideration for surgery) into tibial and peroneal (fibular) components.
What is trendelenburg gait?
Injury to gluteus medius or its nerve, sup. gluteal nerve, results in this characteristic gait. - Affected side tilts down and during the swing phase of gait the person must lean on the affected side to clear the unaffected leg.
What is trochanteric bursitis?
Ischial bursitis arises from glut max fibres rubbing over the greater trochanter. i.e stair climbing
What is it called when the origin/insertion of the muscles becomes unattached?
Avulsion
What is piriformis syndrome?
Piriformis compresses the sciatic nerve, causing pain tingling and numbness along the path of the sciatic nerve
