Joints and joint tissues Flashcards
Describe the healing process of bones;
1) Reactive phase; formation of fracture heamatoma
2a) Reparative phase; Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
2b) Reparative phase; Bony callus formation (5 weeks)
3) Bone remodelling phase (12 months)
What are the two types of bone classification?
Functional and structural
What are the functional classifications of bone?
- Synarthrosis; Immovable.
- Amphiarthrosis; Slightly movable.
- Diarthrosis; Freely moveable.
What are the structural classifications?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are some fibrous bones;
Suture
Syndemoses
Interosseous membrane
What are some cartilaginous bones;
Synchonrosis
Symphisis
What are some synovial bones?
Plane Hinge Pivot Saddle Ball and socket
Describe the layers of the joint capsule;
Fibrous outer layer;
- Collagen
- Resists hyperextension
- Perforated by blood vessels and nerves
Inner synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
Describe synovial fluid;
- Ultrafiltrate of blood plasma
- Nutrition for articular cartilage
- Lubricates and reduces friction
- Distributes load during compression
What happens during OA?
Loss of articular cartilage results in loss of joint space and inflammation.
What is the primary cause of osteo arthritis?
Unknown
What are the risk factors for OA?
Age
Sex
Weight
Mechanics
What are the risk factors for secondary osteo arthritis?
Occupation and injury
How is osteoarthritis managed?
- NSAIDS (pain management)
- Weight loss
- Cortisone injection
- Exercise
- Cartilage repair techniques i.e Microfracture, mosaicplasty, AMIC
- Arthroplasty
What therapies are not recomended for osteo arthritis?
Injection of hyaluronin
Collagen
Supplements
Glucosamine / chondroitin
