Lecture 2: Open Science

Question 1

What are characteristics from Open Science?

Answer 1

• Support a culture of transparency, openness, and honesty towards other researchers and the public
• Maximize public benefit and avoid resource waste

Open Science build a part from good research practices

Question 2

Name the six pillars from Open Science

Answer 2

• Open Data
• Open Material
• Open Access
• Open Source (Software)
• Open Peer Review
• Open Educational Resources

Question 3

Name some methods to integrate Open Science in the Confirmatory Research Process

Answer 3

• Preregistration / Registered Report 1 (for hypothesis and analysis plan)
• Use open analysis code, data and materials
• Registered Report 2 for “Publish & distribute research output”
• Replication study

Question 4

What means p-hacking?
Give an example of a tool to practice p-hacking.

Answer 4

Tune your data analysis in a way that you achieve a significant p-value in situations where it would have been non-significant

Tool:
HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known

Question 5

Describe the Open Science Research Process

Answer 5

The process has the following stages:

1. Study Design:
   - Preregistration of hypothesis, research design and analysis plan.
   - Apply for Registered Report (so that methods and proposed analyses are pre-registered and peer-reviewed)
2. Data Collection:
   Researchers use a open Lab Notebook for documentation
3. Publication and Distribution:
   Make it open (Open Data, Open Material, Open Access, Open Analysis Code) - Enable others to reproduce your analyses
4. Replication:
   Replication is a scientific method to verify research findings - Enhance credibility of your research

Question 6

What does “RDM” stands for and what are the key activities?

Answer 6

RDM = Research Data Management

Key activities: Data
* Cleaning
* Documentation
* Sharing

(continuous)