Lecture 10: Research Methods II Flashcards
Probability vs Statistics. Fill the gaps in the picture.
What are the three methods for estimating the Central Tendency?
Mode
this is the most frequent observation, ideal for discrete data
Median
this is the middle observation of distribution of data, when they are ranked in order of magnitude
Mean
this is the the sum of all observed data, divided by the number of observations
What is the reason why methods such as mode and median do not represent the true center of the data distribution?
They are only estiamtes from the observed emperical data. The more data you have, the closer your estimate will be to the true center.
Estimating the variability of our observed data
What indicates the variance of a distribution?
The variance of a distribution indicates the spread of the data.
That is, how accurate are the observations relative to the true mean.
Estimating the variability of our observed data
What indicates the SuSq?
The SuSq gives us an idea of how
accurate the mean is. (It grows with more observation)
Estimating the variability of our observed data
What allows the variance?
The variance allows us to compare the “error” across samples of different sizes. (It does not grow with increasing sample size)
Estimating the variability of our observed data
What gives us the standard deviation?
It gives us the average error that we can expect from our current measurements, relative to the sample’s mean.
When can all normal distributions treated the same?
When we measure in units of σ, around the mean μ as the center.
What is known as the Standard Error?
Standard Error: Standard Deviation of the Mean of the Means.
When do we speak of statistical significance?
We speak of statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given H0.
What describes the p value?
Under the assumption that H0 is true, p indicates the probability to see results that are at least this extreme.
What is Grounded Theory and what is its goal?
A systematic, theoretical analysis of qualitative data.
The goal of grounded theory is to systematically derive a clear and testable hypothesis or well-grounded theory
What do we have to do before collecting qualitative data?
- Get ethics approval where applicable
- Create a consent form
- Recruit participants
- Acquire suitable recording equipment
- Think about transcription and analysis strategies
Which steps involves the grounded theory analysis process?
- Coding text and theorizing
- Memoing and theorizing
- Integrating, refining and writing up theories
What is open coding in context of grounded theory?
- Segment data into meaningful expressions and describe them in a concept or theme
- Existing annotations and concepts are attached to these expressions or create new relations (open coding)
What is thematic analysis?
It emphasizes identifying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning (or “themes”) within qualitative data.
