LECTURE 2 muscles

Question 1

origin vs. insertion in thorax

Answer 1

origin is medial, insertion is lateral attachment (generally end that moves)

Question 2

origin vs. insertion in extremity

Answer 2

origin is proximal, insertion is distal

Question 3

direct attachment

Answer 3

right onto bone

Question 4

indirect attachment

Answer 4

via tendon/aponeurosis (more common, leave bony markings, sometimes attach to skin)

Question 5

function of muscle

Answer 5

movement

Question 6

agonist

Answer 6

prime mover of a muscle, major response produces particular movement, describes muscle to action

Question 7

antagonists

Answer 7

oppose/reverse particular movement, prevent overshooting agonistic motion, describes muscle to another muscle

Question 8

synergists

Answer 8

muscles work together, adds extra force to agonistic movement, reduce undesirable extra movement (muscles crossing two joints), can enforce same action or create new movement

Question 9

fixators

Answer 9

a synergist that holds bone in place to provide stable base for movement

Question 10

naming skeletal muscles

Answer 10

location (brachialis=arm), shape (deltoid=triangle), relative size (minimus, maximus, longus), direction of fascicles (oblique, rectus), location of attachment (brachioradialis), number of origins (biceps, quadriceps), action (flexor, adductor, extensor)