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anatomy lecture exam 1 > LECTURE 1 epithelial tissue > Flashcards

LECTURE 1 epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

functions of epithelial tissue (4)

A

protection, secretion (release molecules to surface), absorption (taking molecules into tissue), ion transport

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2
Q

characteristics of epithelium (7)

A

cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, avascular, innervated, highly regenerative

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3
Q

classification of epithelium: layers of cells (3)

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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4
Q

classification of epithelium: shape of cells (3)

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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5
Q

endothelium

A

(special epithelium) simple squamous epithelium that lines vessels (lymphatic and blood vessels, chambers of heart)

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6
Q

mesothelium

A

(special epithelium) simple squamous epithelium that forms the lining of body cavities (thoracic, abdominal, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)

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7
Q

microvilli

A

(feature of apical surface) finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane of apical epithelial cell that increases surface area for absorption (in small intestine)

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8
Q

cilia

A

(feature of apical surface) whip-like, motile extension of plasma membrane that moves mucus (etc.) over epithelial surface one way (in respiratory tubes)

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9
Q

features of apical surface (2)

A

microvilli, cilia

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10
Q

cellularity (characteristic of epithelium)

A

many cells packed close together, small amount of extracellualr material around them

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11
Q

specialized contacts (characteristic of epithelium)

A

cells are joined by varying types of cell junctions (can be proteins, can change permiability)

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12
Q

polarity (characteristic of epithelium)

A

apical vs. basal surfaces differ (two distinct ends/surfaces), apical is free and unattached and next to lumen, basal is attatched to connective tissue - supported by CT because that’s where it gets nutrients from blood (since epithelium is avascular)

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13
Q

highly regenerative (characteristic of epithelium)

A

mitosis frequently and rapidly, epithelial cell lifespan usually two days

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14
Q

classification of epithelium

A

based on number of layers and cell shape

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15
Q

layers of epithelium

A

simple (one layer), stratified (multiple layers, characterized by shape of apical layer), pseudostratified (looks like multiple layers but only one, cells of different height that all touch basal surface)

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16
Q

shapes of epithelial cells

A

squamous (wider than tall, distance between apical and basal), cuboidal (even height to width, not perfect cube), columnar (taller than wide)

17
Q

structure of epithelium

A

forms sheets of cells that cover a surface or line a cavity

18
Q

simple squamous found in

A

lungs, blood vessels, ventral body cavity

19
Q

simple cuboidal found in

A

kidney tubules, glands

20
Q

simple columnar found in

A

stomach, intestines

21
Q

pseudostratified columnar found in

A

respiratory passages (ciliated version)

22
Q

stratified squamous found in

A

epidermis, mouth, vagina, esophagus

23
Q

features of lateral surface

A

contour of cells (looks wavy as it fits together), cell junctions

24
Q

desmosome

A

(lateral cell junction) proteins hold cells together to maintain integrity

25
Q

tight junction

A

(lateral cell junction) plasma membrane of adjacent cells fuse, nothing passes

26
Q

gap junction

A

(lateral cell junction) proteins allow small molecules to pass through

27
Q

features of basal surface

A

basement membrane

28
Q

basement membrane

A

(feature of basal surface) sheet between epithelium and connective tissue layers, attaches epithelium to connective tissue

29
Q

basal lamina

A

(basement membrane) thin, non-cellular, supportive sheet made of proteins, superficial layer of basement membrane, acts as a selective filter, assists epithelial cell regeneration by moving new cells

30
Q

reticular fiber layer

A

(basement membrane) deeper, supportive layer

31
Q

glands

A

epithelial cells that make and secrete a product, products are water-based and usually contain proteins

32
Q

gland classification

A

unicellular vs. multicellular, exocrine vs. endocrine

33
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete substance onto body surface or into body cavity, produce a variety of types of products, activity is local, have ducts, unicellular or multicellular, ex: goblet cells, salivary, mammary, pancreas, liver

34
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete product into blood stream, either stored in secretory cells or in follicle surrounded by secretory cells, always produce hormones, no ducts, unicellular or multicellular, activity is widespread, ex: pancreas, adrenal, pituitary, thyroid

anatomy lecture exam 1 (22 decks)

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