LECTURE 1 introduction Flashcards
branches of anatomy
gross, surface, histology, developmental, embryological
gross anatomy
large structures seen with unaided eye
surface anatomy
landmarks on body’s surface, what you can see through the skin
histology
cells and tissues (aka microscopic)
developmental
structures change through life (postnatal)
embryological
structures form and develop before birth (prenatal)
structural organization of a living thing
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
chemical level of structural organization
atoms combine to make molecules
4 macromolecules in the body
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
cellular level of structural organization
made up of cells and cellular organelles, cells can be eukaryotic of prokaryotic
organelles
structures within cells that perform dedicated function (“small organs”)
tissue level of structural organization
collection of cells that work together to perform a specialized function
4 types of tissue in human body
epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
organ level of structural organization
made up of tissue (usually more than one type, sometimes all four)
organ system level of structural organization
made up of related organs that work together
integumentary organ system
function to protectand regulate homeostasis, made up of skin
skeletal organ system
function to support and protect, made up of bone and cartilage
muscular organ system
function is movement, made up of muscles
nervous organ system
function is control and response to stimuli; made up of nerves, spinal cord, and brain
endocrine organ system
function is to produce hormones, made up of glands (works with nervous system)
cardiovascular organ system
function is transportation and pumping of blood, made up of heart and blood vessels
lymphatic organ system
function is immunity through removal of fluid and pathogins, made up of lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks and ducts
respiratory organ system
function is gas exchange, made up of lungs and various airways
digestive organ system
function is to break down food, absorb nutrients, and get rid of waste; made up of stomach, intestines, etc.
urinary organ system
function is to filter waste from blood, made up of kidneys, urinary tract, etc.
reproductive organ system
function is to make more organisms, made up of various male and female reproductive organs
organism level of structural organization
all organ systems working together to sustain life in an individual organism
