LECTURE 1 introduction

Question 1

branches of anatomy

Answer 1

gross, surface, histology, developmental, embryological

Question 2

gross anatomy

Answer 2

large structures seen with unaided eye

Question 3

surface anatomy

Answer 3

landmarks on body’s surface, what you can see through the skin

Question 4

histology

Answer 4

cells and tissues (aka microscopic)

Question 5

developmental

Answer 5

structures change through life (postnatal)

Question 6

embryological

Answer 6

structures form and develop before birth (prenatal)

Question 7

structural organization of a living thing

Answer 7

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 8

chemical level of structural organization

Answer 8

atoms combine to make molecules

Question 9

4 macromolecules in the body

Answer 9

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 10

cellular level of structural organization

Answer 10

made up of cells and cellular organelles, cells can be eukaryotic of prokaryotic

Question 11

organelles

Answer 11

structures within cells that perform dedicated function (“small organs”)

Question 12

tissue level of structural organization

Answer 12

collection of cells that work together to perform a specialized function

Question 13

4 types of tissue in human body

Answer 13

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 14

organ level of structural organization

Answer 14

made up of tissue (usually more than one type, sometimes all four)

Question 15

organ system level of structural organization

Answer 15

made up of related organs that work together

Question 16

integumentary organ system

Answer 16

function to protectand regulate homeostasis, made up of skin

Question 17

skeletal organ system

Answer 17

function to support and protect, made up of bone and cartilage

Question 18

muscular organ system

Answer 18

function is movement, made up of muscles

Question 19

nervous organ system

Answer 19

function is control and response to stimuli; made up of nerves, spinal cord, and brain

Question 20

endocrine organ system

Answer 20

function is to produce hormones, made up of glands (works with nervous system)

Question 21

cardiovascular organ system

Answer 21

function is transportation and pumping of blood, made up of heart and blood vessels

Question 22

lymphatic organ system

Answer 22

function is immunity through removal of fluid and pathogins, made up of lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks and ducts

Question 23

respiratory organ system

Answer 23

function is gas exchange, made up of lungs and various airways

Question 24

digestive organ system

Answer 24

function is to break down food, absorb nutrients, and get rid of waste; made up of stomach, intestines, etc.

Question 25

urinary organ system

Answer 25

function is to filter waste from blood, made up of kidneys, urinary tract, etc.

Question 26

reproductive organ system

Answer 26

function is to make more organisms, made up of various male and female reproductive organs

Question 27

organism level of structural organization

Answer 27

all organ systems working together to sustain life in an individual organism