Lecture 2 - Motivation models Flashcards
Health belief model
- Rosenstock, 1974
- Peoples’ believes about health problems predict the likelihood that people will participate in health promoting activities
- perceived benefits/barriers
- perceived threat
- self-efficacy
- cues to action
- modifying variables
HBM perceived threat
- perceived seriousness/severity: the more serious the problem and consequences, the more likely people are to change behavior
- perceived susceptibility: perceived risk of developing the problem
HBM perceived benefits
what is the positive value of engaging in the behavior
HBM perceived barriers
what are the obstacles to change behavior
HBM self-efficay
an individuals perception of his own competence to successfully perform the behavior
HBM cues to action
internal (symptoms) or external (reminders) triggers
HBM modifying variables
factors that affect perception of behavior like age or gender
Theory of planned behavior
- Ajzen, 1991
- intention is influenced by behavioral attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control
- intention is what leads to behavior
- empirical support:
- Hagger, 2002 and Hausenblas 1997
- meta-analysis: relationships of TPB are proven
- self-efficacy and past behavior should be added to the model
TPB behavioral attitude
The degree in which performance is positively or negatively valued
- expectancy- value formula: expectancy and value are multiplied
- person’s subjective probability (expectancy) that performing a behavior of interest will lead to a certain outcome or provide a certain experience (value)
TPB subjective norms
perception of social normative pressure
- normative beliefs: beliefs about expectations and behaviors of significant social referents
- injunctive: do others approve the behavior
- descriptive: do others perform the behavior
TPB perceived behavioral control
perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior
- Control beliefs: which factors are present that can facilitate (willpower, energy, social support) or impede (lack of self-control, barriers) performance of the behavior?
social cognitive theory
- Bandura, 1986,1997
- Behavior is determined by personal, behavioral and environmental determinants
- Goals/ intention influences behavior. This is influenced by outcome expectancies, self-efficacy and sociostructurally factors
SCT self-efficay
- high self-efficacy results in realistic and challenging goals
- low self-efficacy results in too high goals because that makes failure less bad
- sources of self efficacy:
- own succes in the past
- substitute experience/vicarious learning: seeing others succeed
- verbal information/education
- emotional arousal (feeling good)
SCT outcome expectancies
an individual’s beliefs about the effectiveness of the planned action with respect to the health goal to be achieved, as well as possible disadvantages that may result from performing the behavior.
Transtheoretical model
- Health behavior is not static, there are different stages of behavioral change and these different stages are related to different strategies
- The focus is on intentional behavior change.
- Stages:
1. precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action
5. maintenance
