Lecture 1 - exercise psychology and health Flashcards
physical activity def
any bodily movement that is produced by the skeletal muscles and significantly increases basal metabolic rate
sports def
high performance, competitive, record and adherence to specific rules. Aims at improving physical ability/skills and is often practiced with high intensity
exercise def
planned, structured and repeatedly performed pa to increase or maintain physical fitness or health
physical inactivity def + prev
when people fail to meet the recommendation
- world population: 27.5%
- high-income western countries: 42.3%
sedentary behavior def.
behaviors with energy expenditure under 1.5 METs
WHO recommendations adult
- 75-150 min of vigorous pa OR 150-300 min of moderate pa
- at least 2x/week strengthening exercises
WHO recommendations older adults
normal recommendations + at least 3x/week balance exercises
WHO recommendations children
60 min of moderate/vigorous pa every day
WHO recommendations children under 1
- 30 min of prone position (tummy) spread troughout the day
- at least 1 hour of unrestrained time at the time
- when sedentary: engaging in reading or storytelling
- 14-17h (0-3 months) or 12-16h (4-11 months) of good sleep
metabolic equivalent (METs) def
the amount of energy expenditure during different activities
- 1 MET = 1 kcal/kg/hour
rest MET
sitting still
1 MET
light intensity MET
desk work
1.1-2.9 METs
moderate intensity MET
walking
3-5.9 METs
vigorous intensity MET
running
>6 METs
sports and exercise psychology def + objectives
the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise context and its practical application of the knowledge
- objective 1: understanding the effect of psychological factors on physical or motor performance
- objective 2: understanding the effects of physical activity on health and psychological factors
impact factor def
measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent published journals
- higher impact factor = more important
systematic review def
review of a clearly formulated question with present and unbiased overview of present literature
meta-analysis
- using statistical analysis to combine results of multiple scientific studies
- assumption: each study has a certain degree of error, combining all the outcomes will give a pooled estimate that is the closest to the common truth
biomedical model
- health is the absence of disease
- illness can only be explained by biological factors
- dualism: mind and body are separate things
- focus: pathogenic –> cause of an illness
biopsychosocial model
- health is an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors
- mind and body can not be seperated
- focus: salutogenesis
health def
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)
chronic diseases that are partly the result of behavioral factors
- 71% of deaths (41 million per year)
- 15 million people between 30 and 69
- ex: CVD, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes
- risk factors: smoking, excess salt/sodium use, alcohol, insufficient pa (1.6 million deaths)
gender gap in pa
across most countries, women are less active than men
- 31.7% inactive women, 23.4% inactive men
- problem begins in childhood
- girls experience less enjoyment and are less confident of their sporting abilities
- mainly because of social and cultural norms
salutogenesis
causes of health, why do people stay health despite potential health-impairing conditions
- Antonovski, 1979
Lancet series
- 2012: Physical Inactivity as Health Risk
- 2016: Physical Inactivity as Economic Burden
- 2018: Worldwide Trends in Physical Inactivity
- 2019: Gender gap in physical activity
