Lecture 1 - exercise psychology and health

Question 1

physical activity def

Answer 1

any bodily movement that is produced by the skeletal muscles and significantly increases basal metabolic rate

Question 2

sports def

Answer 2

high performance, competitive, record and adherence to specific rules. Aims at improving physical ability/skills and is often practiced with high intensity

Question 3

exercise def

Answer 3

planned, structured and repeatedly performed pa to increase or maintain physical fitness or health

Question 4

physical inactivity def + prev

Answer 4

when people fail to meet the recommendation
- world population: 27.5%
- high-income western countries: 42.3%

Question 5

sedentary behavior def.

Answer 5

behaviors with energy expenditure under 1.5 METs

Question 6

WHO recommendations adult

Answer 6

• 75-150 min of vigorous pa OR 150-300 min of moderate pa
• at least 2x/week strengthening exercises

Question 7

WHO recommendations older adults

Answer 7

normal recommendations + at least 3x/week balance exercises

Question 8

WHO recommendations children

Answer 8

60 min of moderate/vigorous pa every day

Question 9

WHO recommendations children under 1

Answer 9

• 30 min of prone position (tummy) spread troughout the day
• at least 1 hour of unrestrained time at the time
• when sedentary: engaging in reading or storytelling
• 14-17h (0-3 months) or 12-16h (4-11 months) of good sleep

Question 10

metabolic equivalent (METs) def

Answer 10

the amount of energy expenditure during different activities
- 1 MET = 1 kcal/kg/hour

Question 11

rest MET

Answer 11

sitting still
1 MET

Question 12

light intensity MET

Answer 12

desk work
1.1-2.9 METs

Question 13

moderate intensity MET

Answer 13

walking
3-5.9 METs

Question 14

vigorous intensity MET

Answer 14

running
>6 METs

Question 15

sports and exercise psychology def + objectives

Answer 15

the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise context and its practical application of the knowledge
- objective 1: understanding the effect of psychological factors on physical or motor performance
- objective 2: understanding the effects of physical activity on health and psychological factors

Question 16

impact factor def

Answer 16

measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent published journals
- higher impact factor = more important

Question 17

systematic review def

Answer 17

review of a clearly formulated question with present and unbiased overview of present literature

Question 18

meta-analysis

Answer 18

• using statistical analysis to combine results of multiple scientific studies
• assumption: each study has a certain degree of error, combining all the outcomes will give a pooled estimate that is the closest to the common truth

Question 19

biomedical model

Answer 19

• health is the absence of disease
• illness can only be explained by biological factors
• dualism: mind and body are separate things
• focus: pathogenic –> cause of an illness

Question 20

biopsychosocial model

Answer 20

• health is an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors
• mind and body can not be seperated
• focus: salutogenesis

Question 21

health def

Answer 21

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease

Question 22

noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

Answer 22

chronic diseases that are partly the result of behavioral factors
- 71% of deaths (41 million per year)
- 15 million people between 30 and 69
- ex: CVD, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes
- risk factors: smoking, excess salt/sodium use, alcohol, insufficient pa (1.6 million deaths)

Question 23

gender gap in pa

Answer 23

across most countries, women are less active than men
- 31.7% inactive women, 23.4% inactive men
- problem begins in childhood
- girls experience less enjoyment and are less confident of their sporting abilities
- mainly because of social and cultural norms

Question 24

salutogenesis

Answer 24

causes of health, why do people stay health despite potential health-impairing conditions
- Antonovski, 1979

Question 25

Lancet series

Answer 25

• 2012: Physical Inactivity as Health Risk
• 2016: Physical Inactivity as Economic Burden
• 2018: Worldwide Trends in Physical Inactivity
• 2019: Gender gap in physical activity