Lecture 10 - interventions Flashcards
psychological interventions
actions performed to bring about change in people. They can meet a wide variety of purposes
Aim: modify motivation, emotion, cognition (how we think about things) and behavior
four phases of intervention
assessment –> treatment planning –> treatment –> outcome assessment
steps of intervention development
- Identify the problem (rather specific)
- Identify behaviors and outcomes of interest
- Identify the theory- and evidence- based mechanisms
- Embedding the change technique into an intervention and designing method to test the proposed model
- Planning means to evaluate efficacy as well as the process
- Planning of implementation of the intervention
The behavioral change wheel
- Michie, 2011
- the wheel consist of:
-sources of behavior (COM-B)
-intervention functions
-policy
sources of behavior (COM-B)
capability
opportunity
motivation
intervention functions
- Education (increasing knowledge and understanding)
- Persuasion (using communication to induce positive or negative feelings or reactions)
- Incentivization (expectation of reward)
- Coercion (expectation of punishment/cost)
- Training
- Restriction (using rules to reduce (competing) behavior)
- Environmental restructuring
- Modelling (providing an example to aspire or imitate)
- Enablement (increasing means/ reducing barriers)
policies
- Communication/marketing
- Guidelines
- Fiscal
- Regulation
- Legislation
- Service provision
- Environmental/ social planning
experimental medicine approach
- Sheeran 2017
- An intervention strategy is used to reach a certain behavior (outcome). To do this we need to know what to target.
-Path A: identify mechanisms/outcomes that are potentially modifiable
-Path B: does variation in the target elicit change in outcome/mechanism
-Path C: testing ability of different intervention strategies to engage the identified target and select a strategy that can elicit sufficient change in the target
-Path D: full test of the model
behavior change techniques
-Abraham & Michie (2008)
o Standardized 26-item taxonomy to classify CBT in physical activity
o Aim: identify specific BCTs contributing to intervention effectiveness
-Michie & Abraham (2009)
o Aim: assess effectiveness of behavior change interventions
o 122 evalutaions revealed pooled effect size of 0.31 (moderate effect) –> the BCTs can change behavior with a moderate effect size
o Not every technique is effective, some combinations are better than others
o Self-monitoring explained the greatest amount of heterogeneity (13%)
o Self-monitoring + techniques from control theory (goal setting, planning, feedback) is the best combination (0.42)
ProBCTs
Schüler & Bieleke (in prep)
New approach: intra-vention: people apply positive and successful BCTs on their own proactively
- There is a group that is sufficiently active focus on this group –> what BCTs do they use to be successful
- Translation of Abraham & Michies 26 BCTs into a new questionnaire
- BCTs in exercise and nutrition
Bayesian statistics
(since there is little prior knowledge)
- Bayes factor: quantifies the relative predictive performance of two rival hypotheses
- BF10: expresses the likelihood of the alternative hypothesis divided by the likelihood of the null hypothesis. Large value indicates stronger support for H1 relative to H0
o <3: weak evidence
o 3-10: moderate evidence
o > 10: strong evidence
ProBCTs exercise
- Highest score: CBT 26 –> I plan my time so that my PA fits into everyday life
- Lowest score: CBT 3 –> I consider whether other people like my changes pa behavior
Planning and time management is an important model for pa
ProBCT nutrition
- Highest score: CBT 17 –> I practice and repeat behaviors that bring me closer to mt goal
- Lowest score: CBT 3 –> I consider whether other people like my changes pa behavior
In general nutrition has higher scores than pa
