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BIOS5092 > LECTURE 2 ANATOMY OF UPPER LIMB > Flashcards

LECTURE 2 ANATOMY OF UPPER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 distinguishing fatures of a joint?

A

joint cavity, bone ends covered with articular cartilage, articulating surfaces & joint cavity enclosed by articular capsule

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2
Q

what are the types of synovial joints?

A

gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball & socket

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3
Q

what is the movement & example of gliding joint?

A

slight nonaxial/multiaxial e.g. acromioclavicular joint, vertebrocostal joint

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4
Q

what is the movement & example of hinge joint?

A

monaxial e.g. elbow, knee, ankle

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5
Q

what is the movement & example of pivot joint?

A

monaxial (rotation) e.g. atlas/axis, radio-ulnar joint

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6
Q

what is the movement & example of ellipsoid joint?

A

biaxial e.g. radiocarpal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint

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7
Q

what is the movement & example of saddle joint?

A

biaxial e.g. 1st carpometacarpal joint

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8
Q

what is the movement & example of ball & socket?

A

triaxial e.g.shoulder joint

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9
Q

what is the joints of the shoulder region?

A

acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular & glenohumeral joint

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10
Q

what type of joint is glenohumeral joint?

A

synovial, multiaxial, ball & socket

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11
Q

what are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

coracoacromial, coracohumeral, glenohumeral

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12
Q

what are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A

flexion/extension, abduction/aduction, internal (medial), external (lateral) rotation

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13
Q

what are the flexors of the shoulder region?

A

pectoralis major, biceps brachii, deltoid (anterior)

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14
Q

what are the extensors of the shoulder?

A

latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid (posterior), triceps brachii

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15
Q

what are the abductor of shoulder?

A

deltoid (middle)

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16
Q

what are the adductor of shoulder?

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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17
Q

what are medial rotator of shoulder?

A

subscapularis, deltoid (anterior), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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18
Q

what are lateral rotator of shoulder?

A

deltoid (posterior), supraspinatus, infraspinatous, teres minor

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19
Q

what type of joint is sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial, multiaxial, plane

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20
Q

what are the ligaments of sternoclavicular joint?

A

costoclavicular

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21
Q

what is the role of the articular disc in sternoclavicular joint?

A

absorbs shock, restrains movement- attached to joint capsule

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22
Q

what are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

gliding between clavicle & sternum is all directions

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23
Q

what type of joint is acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial, multiaxial, plane

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24
Q

what are ligaments of acromioclavicular joint?

A

coracoclavicular with partial articular disc

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25
Q

what are movements of acromioclavicular joint?

A

gliding between clavicle & acromin in all directions

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26
Q

what are the elevators of shoulder girdle?

A

trapezius (upper), levator scapulae

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27
Q

what are depressor of shoulder girdle?

A

trapezius (lower)

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28
Q

what are protractor of shoulder girdle?

A

serrator anterior

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29
Q

what are retractors of shoulder girdle?

A

rhomboid muscles, trapezius (middle)

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30
Q

what are medial rotator of shoulder girdle?

A

rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae

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31
Q

what are the lateral rotator of shoulder girdle?

A

trapezius (upper & lower), serratus anterior

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32
Q

what are the joints of the elbow?

A

ulnohumeral, radiohumeral, proximal (superior) radioulnar

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33
Q

what type of joint is elbow joint?

A

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

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34
Q

what are the ligaments surrounding elbow joint?

A

lateral (radial) collateral, medial (ulna) collateral, annular

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35
Q

what types of movements can elbow joint do?

A

flexion, extension

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36
Q

what are muscles are flexors (anterior) of elbow?

A

brachialis, biceps brachii

37
Q

what muscles are extensors (posterior) of elbow?

A

triceps brachii

38
Q

what type of joint is proximal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

39
Q

what are the ligaments surrounding proximal radioulnar?

A

annular

40
Q

what type of movements does radioulnar joint do?

A

supination + pronation

41
Q

what type of joint is distal radioulnar joint?

A

synovial, uniaxial, pivot

42
Q

what gives the distal radioulnar joint stability?

A

interosseous membranc + articular disc

43
Q

what are the movements of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

supination + pronation

44
Q

what muscles are involved in supination?

A

biceps brachii + supinator

45
Q

what muscles are involved in pronation?

A

pronator teres + pronator quadratus

46
Q

what are the joints on wrist region?

A

distal (inferior) radioulnar + radiocarpal & midcarpal

47
Q

what type of joints are radio- & midcarpal joints?

A

synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid

48
Q

what ligaments surround radio- & midcarpal joints?

A

lateral (radial) collateral + medial (ulnar) collateral

49
Q

what type of movements does radio- & midcarpal joints do?

A

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, radial deviation-ulnar deviation

50
Q

what muscles are involved in flexion of wrist joint complex?

A

flexor carpi radialis + flexor carpi ulnaris

51
Q

what muscles are involved in extension of wrist joint?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis ulnaris

52
Q

what muscles are involved in abduction (radial deviation) of wrist joint?

A

flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

53
Q

what muscles are involved in adduction (ulnar deviator) of wrist joint?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

54
Q

what are the joints of the thumb & finger?

A

1st carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

55
Q

what type of joint is 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A

synovial, biaxial, saddle

56
Q

what are the movements of 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, opposition

57
Q

what type of joint is interphalangeal joint?

A

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

58
Q

what type of movement does interphalangeal joint do?

A

flexion-extension

59
Q

what muscles are involved in flexion of thumb & finger?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policis longus

60
Q

what muscles are involved in extension of thumb & finger?

A

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extendor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

61
Q

what muscles are involved in opposition of thumb & finger?

A

thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles

62
Q

what does the brachial plexus of nerves provide function to?

A

sensory/cutaneous (skin) + motor (muscles)- supplies the whole arm

63
Q

what nerves constitute the brachial plexus?

A

c5-t1 spinal nerves, axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve

64
Q

where does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from & travels to?

A

lateral cord of brachial plexus (C5-C7) to lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

65
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve penetrate?

A

coracobrachialia

66
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

anterior compartment of arm- flexion + cutaneous/sensory function

67
Q

what constitutes the anterior compartment of arm?

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

68
Q

where does the axillary nerve arise from?

A

posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5, C6)

69
Q

what does the axillary motor nerve supply?

A

deltoid, triceps (long head) & teres minor

70
Q

what is the sensory functions of the axillary nerve?

A

gives rise to upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, which innervates skin over lower deltoid

71
Q

where does the median nerve arise from?

A

lateral & medial cord of brachial plexus

72
Q

what does the median nerve innervate?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus (flexors of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus)

73
Q

what does the median nerve innervate in hand?

A

motor innervation to 1st & 2nd lumbrical muscles, thenar eminence

74
Q

where does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

C8 and T1 (medial cord)

75
Q

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbrical muscles, opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, adductor pollicis

76
Q

where does the radial nerve arise from & travel to?

A

posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5, C6) & travels to posterior interosseous nerve

77
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A

posterior compartment of arm & forearm- extension- triceps and extensor muscles

78
Q

what constitutes the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii & anconeus

79
Q

what are the branches of arch of aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

80
Q

what is the arterial supply to upper limb?

A

subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery

81
Q

what are the branches of the brachial artery?

A

radial & ulnar artery

82
Q

what are the arteries of the hand?

A

ulnar & radial

83
Q

what are the deep veins of the arm?

A

subclavian, axiliary, brachial vein, ulnar, radial

84
Q

what are the superficial veins of arm?

A

cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein

85
Q

what is the drainage pattern of the arm?

A

radial + ulna to brachial to axillary to subclavian to brachiocephalic vein to SVC

86
Q

what does the cephalic vein connect to basilic vein by?

A

median cubital vein

87
Q

what does the cephalic & basilic vein drain to?

A

axiliary vein & median cubital vein

88
Q

what does the cephalic & basilic drain from?

A

dorsal venous netowrk of hand

BIOS5092 (17 decks)

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