Lecture 2 Flashcards
Conditioning (noun):
the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order
Give an example of conditioning (noun).
- a person’s or animal’s state of health or physical fitness
- an illness or other medical problem
Conditioning (verb):
bring (something) into the desired state of use
Give an example of conditioning (verb).
make (a person or animal) fit and healthy
What are the 4 ways the conditioning is achieved?
- PA
- nutrition
- ergogenic aids
- adjunctive modalities (massage, thermal etc.)
Exercise:
- activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness
- an activity carried out for a specific purpose
- generation of force by the activated muscles
- disruption of a homeostatic state
Exercise is a type of _____ _____.
physical activity
PA is an activity requiring _____ _____.
physical exertion
What is the difference between PA and exercise?
- in PA: purpose may or may not be to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
- in exercise: specific purpose is to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
What are the 5 types of exercise?
- locomotion
- activities of daily living
- occupation
- recreation/sport
- exercise
What are the 3 types of muscle activity?
- concentric
- isometric
- eccentric
Muscle effort can come from what 2 types of muscles?
- striated muscle (skeletal, cardiac)
- smooth muscle
What are the 2 types of exercise that use muscle effort?
- cardiovascular fitness
- musculoskeletal fitness
Homeostasis:
- Le milieu interieur (Claude Bernard)
- regulation of an organism’s or cell’s internal environment
- maintain a condition of equilibrium regardless of changing external conditions
Disruption of homeostasis:
external conditions exceed organism’s/cell’s ability to regulate internal environment
Describe a single disruption of homeostasis.
- stimulus –> response
- physiologic processes occur to restore homeostasis
Describe a multiple disruption of homeostasis.
- stimulus –> response –> adaptation
- stimuli presented repeatedly
- physiologic processes occur to change the condition of the organism/cell
How does a stimulus elicit adaptations?
- must be sufficient to disrupt homeostasis
- type of stimulus
- exercise volume and intensity
FITT principle:
- F: frequency
- I: intensity (difficulty)
- T: type
- T: time (volume or amount)
What is (Physical) training?
planned regimen of appropriate types of exercise, with sufficient volume, intensity and frequency to elicit change in an organism’s condition
Training involves ____ and _____ of training.
- modes
- methods
Modes of training:
exercise selection
Methods of training:
manipulation of volume, intensity and frequency
What are the 3 training objectives?
- health and wellness
- body composition/aesthetics
- performance
Describe training for health and wellness.
training to improve physical fitness to improve health and wellness
Describe training for body composition/aesthetics.
training to modify physical appearance
Describe training for performance.
training to improve physical fitness and to improve physical performance
What are the 4 steps to developing a training program?
- assessment and determination of needs and goals
- ID of timeframe
- planning training program (modes and methods) specific to needs and goals
- monitoring training efficacy and modifying training program as necessary
Performance:
the action or process of performing a task or function
Give 3 examples of performance.
- sport performance
- occupational performance
- activities of daily living (rehabilitation; disease or dysfunction)
Why is sport important?
- pursuit of excellence (pushing the envelope)
- knowledge from sport has been translated to other areas of human physical function
What happened with resistance exercise in the 1800s?
- strongmen entertainers
- physique contests
- sport of weightlifting introduced in 1896 Olympics
What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (conversion of Dr. Peter Karpovich)?
anti-strength training professor starts to study strength training
What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (Thomas Delorme)?
- pioneers use of resistance exercise for injured soldiers
- applies techniques to other populations including poliomyelitis
What happened with resistance exercise in the 1960s?
resistance exercise gains popularity in training for athletes
What happened with resistance exercise in the 1990s?
resistance exercise is recommended for adults
According to a study for people with nonspecific chronic low back pain, how did a periodized training program help?
- 3 groups: 2, 3, 4 days/weeks
- all groups have reduction in pain and disability, increased quality of life
- group 3 has the greatest improvements
In the study of exercise for chronic low back pain, what was learned?
periodization can’t only be applied to athlete training, but also to the rehabilitation setting
