Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Conditioning (noun):

A

the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order

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2
Q

Give an example of conditioning (noun).

A
  • a person’s or animal’s state of health or physical fitness

- an illness or other medical problem

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3
Q

Conditioning (verb):

A

bring (something) into the desired state of use

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4
Q

Give an example of conditioning (verb).

A

make (a person or animal) fit and healthy

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5
Q

What are the 4 ways the conditioning is achieved?

A
  • PA
  • nutrition
  • ergogenic aids
  • adjunctive modalities (massage, thermal etc.)
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6
Q

Exercise:

A
  • activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness
  • an activity carried out for a specific purpose
  • generation of force by the activated muscles
  • disruption of a homeostatic state
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7
Q

Exercise is a type of _____ _____.

A

physical activity

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8
Q

PA is an activity requiring _____ _____.

A

physical exertion

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9
Q

What is the difference between PA and exercise?

A
  • in PA: purpose may or may not be to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
  • in exercise: specific purpose is to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
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10
Q

What are the 5 types of exercise?

A
  • locomotion
  • activities of daily living
  • occupation
  • recreation/sport
  • exercise
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11
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle activity?

A
  • concentric
  • isometric
  • eccentric
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12
Q

Muscle effort can come from what 2 types of muscles?

A
  • striated muscle (skeletal, cardiac)

- smooth muscle

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of exercise that use muscle effort?

A
  • cardiovascular fitness

- musculoskeletal fitness

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14
Q

Homeostasis:

A
  • Le milieu interieur (Claude Bernard)
  • regulation of an organism’s or cell’s internal environment
  • maintain a condition of equilibrium regardless of changing external conditions
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15
Q

Disruption of homeostasis:

A

external conditions exceed organism’s/cell’s ability to regulate internal environment

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16
Q

Describe a single disruption of homeostasis.

A
  • stimulus –> response

- physiologic processes occur to restore homeostasis

17
Q

Describe a multiple disruption of homeostasis.

A
  • stimulus –> response –> adaptation
  • stimuli presented repeatedly
  • physiologic processes occur to change the condition of the organism/cell
18
Q

How does a stimulus elicit adaptations?

A
  • must be sufficient to disrupt homeostasis
  • type of stimulus
  • exercise volume and intensity
19
Q

FITT principle:

A
  • F: frequency
  • I: intensity (difficulty)
  • T: type
  • T: time (volume or amount)
20
Q

What is (Physical) training?

A

planned regimen of appropriate types of exercise, with sufficient volume, intensity and frequency to elicit change in an organism’s condition

21
Q

Training involves ____ and _____ of training.

A
  • modes

- methods

22
Q

Modes of training:

A

exercise selection

23
Q

Methods of training:

A

manipulation of volume, intensity and frequency

24
Q

What are the 3 training objectives?

A
  • health and wellness
  • body composition/aesthetics
  • performance
25
Q

Describe training for health and wellness.

A

training to improve physical fitness to improve health and wellness

26
Q

Describe training for body composition/aesthetics.

A

training to modify physical appearance

27
Q

Describe training for performance.

A

training to improve physical fitness and to improve physical performance

28
Q

What are the 4 steps to developing a training program?

A
  • assessment and determination of needs and goals
  • ID of timeframe
  • planning training program (modes and methods) specific to needs and goals
  • monitoring training efficacy and modifying training program as necessary
29
Q

Performance:

A

the action or process of performing a task or function

30
Q

Give 3 examples of performance.

A
  • sport performance
  • occupational performance
  • activities of daily living (rehabilitation; disease or dysfunction)
31
Q

Why is sport important?

A
  • pursuit of excellence (pushing the envelope)

- knowledge from sport has been translated to other areas of human physical function

32
Q

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1800s?

A
  • strongmen entertainers
  • physique contests
  • sport of weightlifting introduced in 1896 Olympics
33
Q

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (conversion of Dr. Peter Karpovich)?

A

anti-strength training professor starts to study strength training

34
Q

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1940s (Thomas Delorme)?

A
  • pioneers use of resistance exercise for injured soldiers

- applies techniques to other populations including poliomyelitis

35
Q

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1960s?

A

resistance exercise gains popularity in training for athletes

36
Q

What happened with resistance exercise in the 1990s?

A

resistance exercise is recommended for adults

37
Q

According to a study for people with nonspecific chronic low back pain, how did a periodized training program help?

A
  • 3 groups: 2, 3, 4 days/weeks
  • all groups have reduction in pain and disability, increased quality of life
  • group 3 has the greatest improvements
38
Q

In the study of exercise for chronic low back pain, what was learned?

A

periodization can’t only be applied to athlete training, but also to the rehabilitation setting