Lecture 14 Flashcards
Steady state of metabolic demands:
- continuous/sustained aerobic activity
- rest
Non-steady state of metabolic demands:
- non continuous/interval activity
- combination of higher and lower intensity demans
Steady state activities examples:
- long distance running
- cross-country skiing
- firefighting
Limits to performance for steady state activities:
- oxygen delivery to working muscles
- oxygen extraction by working muscles
- oxygen utilization by working muscles
- substrate availability
Fick equation:
VO2 = cardiac output x a-vO2 difference
Cardiac output =
HR x SV
Cardiac output:
- central factors
- stroke volume –> left ventricular chamber size
a-vO2 difference:
- peripheral factors
- ability for muscles to extract oxygen
- ability for muscles to utilize oxygen
Aerobic power test:
VO2 max
VO2 max:
highest rate of oxygen consumption during intense exercise
VO2 max is a incremental test, meaning:
- exercise is performed at gradually increasing intensity
- VO2 is measured at each intensity
- steady-state is reached at each intensity
- intensity is increased until volitional or non-volitional failure
VO2 max field tests:
- Bruce treadmill test
- Cooper 12 minute run
- beep test
Anaerobic threshold:
work rate when metabolic demands shift from predominantly aerobic to predominantly anaerobic
Anaerobic threshold for untrained/physically active:
50-55% VO2 max
Anaerobic threshold for hockey/soccer:
70-80% VO2 max
Anaerobic threshold for elite endurance:
> 80% VO2 max
Pace:
- optimal intensity for performing steady-state activity
- self-preferred speed
Factors for pace:
- VO2 max
- intensity at anaerobic threshold
- technique
Target pace =
race distance/target race time
Maximum pace =
intensity at anaerobic threshold
2 types of non-steady state activities:
- non-repetitive
- repetitive
Non-repetitive non-steady state activities examples:
- rowing
- swimming
- short (100-400m) and middle (800-3000m) distance sprints
Repetitive non-steady state activities examples:
- soccer
- hockey
- football
- rugby
Limitations to non-repetitive metabolic performance:
- technique
- intensity at anaerobic threshold
- VO2 max (importance decreases for shorter duration activities)
Limitations to repetitive metabolic performance:
- work bouts (technique, intensity at anaerobic threshold, VO2 max)
- rest bouts (VO2)
Repetitive activities: work to rest ratio:
- identify time of performing work
- identify time of rest or recovery before next work bout
Volume in work to rest ratio:
- total number of work bouts
- total time of work
Time motion analysis:
- analysis of the type and intensities of movement in non-steady state activity
- analysis of duration of movement of different intensities
- analysis of duration of rest or recovery
Time motion analysis is often used to identify …
typical work to rest ratios
2 kinds of recovery metabolism:
- recovery between training session/competition
- recovery between training/competition days
