Lecture 2

Question 1

What is Na+ normal concentration in ECF?

Answer 1

135 - 145 mmol/L

Question 2

What is Ca++ normal concentration in ECF?

Answer 2

2.1 - 2.6 mmol/L

Question 3

What is K+ normal concentration in ECF?

Answer 3

3.5 - 5 mmol/L

Question 4

What is the normal concentration of glucose in ECF?

Answer 4

fasting = 3.5 - 6 mmol/L

non fasting = 3.5 - 8 mmol/L

Question 5

pH normal concentration of ECF?

Answer 5

7.35 - 7.45

Question 6

Why is ECF composition important in multicellular organisms?

Answer 6

ECF must be maintained as it allows multicellular organisms to function in a diverse range of environments

Question 7

What does osmolarity measure?

Answer 7

Measure of total number of solute particle per litre of solution

Question 8

What is the normal osmolarity value in ECF & ICF?

Answer 8

275 - 300 mmosmol/L

Question 9

What is tonicity?

Answer 9

The effect that a solution has on cell volume

Question 10

Hypertonic solutions will cause cells to:

Answer 10

high pressure - SHRINK

Question 11

Hypotonic solutions will cause cells to:

Answer 11

Low pressure - SWELL

Question 12

What is the core body temperature value?

Answer 12

37 degrees

Question 13

What is Simple Diffusion?

Passive transport

Answer 13

Diffusion of substances directly through the phospholipid bilayer from an area of high conc to an area of low conc

Question 14

What are the different types of passive transport called?

Answer 14

Simple diffusion & Facilitated diffusion = Channels & Carrier

Question 15

What do membrane channels do?

Answer 15

Channel structures in membrane allow specific substances to diffuse through the membrane. They open & close in response to stimuli, membrane potential etc

Question 16

When is facilitated diffusion used?

Answer 16

When particles can’t directly pass through the phospholipid bilayer e.g charged ions and water soluble molecules

Question 17

What is carrier mediated transport? How does it work?

Answer 17

Substances diffuse by means of carrier structures in membrane. Substance binds to carrier on one side of membrane, inducing carrier to change shape and release substance on other side

Question 18

What are the different types of active transport called?

Answer 18

Transport pumps, endocytosis & excotysis

Question 19

How do transport pumps work?

Answer 19

Pumps allow movement of particles from an area of low conc to an area of high conc by means of energy consuming pump structures in the membrane

Question 20

What is endocytosis?

Answer 20

Substances are brought into the cell by trapping it in a section of the plasma membrane that pinches off to form a vesicle.
Phagocytosis = cell eating
Pinocytosis = cell drinking

Question 21

What is exocytosis?

Answer 21

Substances leave cell by fusing a secretory vesicle with the membrane

Question 22

What is Osmosis?

Answer 22

The net movement of water across its membrane down it own concentration gradient.