Lecture 15: Complex Movement

Question 1

At the hip joint the line of gravity crosses:

Answer 1

Posterior to the hip joint

Question 2

When standing the line of gravity crosses posterior to the hip joint. What effect does gravity have on the hip joint?

Answer 2

Extends the hip further
- causes extension
In extension the hip ligaments are wound tight so hip joint is pushed towards its most stable position

Question 3

At the knee joint the line of gravity crosses:

Answer 3

Anterior to the knee joint

Question 4

When standing, the line of gravity crosses anterior to the knee joint. What effect does gravity have on the knee joint?

Answer 4

Pushes it towards maximum extension
- causes extension
In extension, ligament around knee become tight - which is a stable position for the knee joint

Question 5

At the ankle joint the line of gravity crosses:

Answer 5

Anterior to the ankle joint

Question 6

When standing, the line of gravity crosses anterior to the ankle joint. What effect does gravity have on the ankle joint

Answer 6

Pushes the ankle into dorsiflexion. Not a stable position. Muscle activity is needed to prevent us from falling over.

Question 7

During standing, is muscle work needed at the hip joint?

Answer 7

NO

• gravity lies posterior to joint-
• pushes hip into extension
• ligament become tight/locked
• very stable - position maintained with minimal muscle work

Question 8

During standing, is muscle work needed at the knee joint?

Answer 8

NO

• gravity anterior to the joint
• pushed knee into extension
• ligaments become tight/locked
• very stable - position maintained with minimal muscle work

Question 9

During standing, is muscle work needed at the ankle joint?

Answer 9

YES- gravity anterior to the joint
- pushes ankle into dorsiflexion
-not stable, ligament are not locked
- muscle work needed in order to maintain a stable position
MUSCLE WORK REGQUIRED

Question 10

Where is the foot during the stance phase?

Answer 10

Foot is on the ground

Question 11

Where is the foot during the swing phase?

Answer 11

Foot is off the ground

Question 12

During the stance phase up what movement occurs at the Hip joint until toe off? What causes this?

Answer 12

Movement -Extension

Cause -Gluteus maximus

Question 13

During the stance phase what movement occurs at the knee joint until toe off? What causes this?

Answer 13

Movement - Flexion

Cause - Quadriceps femoris

Question 14

During the stance phase what movement occurs at the ankle joint until toe off? What causes this?

Answer 14

Movement - Plantarflexion

Cause - Triceps surae

Question 15

During the swing phase what movement occurs at the hip joint? What causes this?

Answer 15

Movement - Flexion as it swings through

Cause - Iliopsoas

Question 16

During the swing phase what movement occurs at the knee joint
-before the foot clears the ground?
What causes this?

Answer 16

Movement - Flexion ( so foot doesn’t touch the ground during swing)
Cause - Hamstrings

Question 17

During the swing phase what movement occurs at the knee joint
- after the foot clears the floor?
What causes this?

Answer 17

Movement - Extension after the foot clears the ground as knee is locked
Cause - gravtiy ( foot moves into heel stance)
- Quadriceps femoris

Question 18

During the swing phase what movement occurs at the ankle joint?
What causes this?

Answer 18

Movement - Dorsiflexion ( toes flex to clear the ground)

Cause - Tibilias anterior

Question 19

During the heel- strike what movement occurs at hip joint?

What causes this?

Answer 19

Movement - Flexion ( leg brought forward)

Cause - Iliopsoas

Question 20

During the heel strike what movement occurs at the knee joint?
What causes this?

Answer 20

Movement - Extension

Cause - Quadriceps femoris

Question 21

During the heel strike what movement occurs at the ankle joint?
What causes this?

Answer 21

Movement - Dorsiflextion to plantaflexion
Cause - Gravity: foot was originally flexed but due to gravity is is being planted on the ground
- Tibialis anterior slow down the force of gravity as it acts as the antagonist