Lecture 11: Movement of Synovial joints Flashcards
What is the structure & function of the joint capsule
The capsule forms a complete casing around the ends of bones - binds them together.
DTCT - continuation of the peroisteum
The amount of interaction btw bone surfaces at a joint is called:
bony congruence
The shape of the bone ends influences:
Range of movement (ROM)
Bone ends are covered with:
Articular/Hyaline cartilage
What is the function of articular cartilage?
Creates smooth surface for frictionless movement of the bones in the joint - covers & cushions the articular surfaces of bones
What are ligaments made out of:
strong cords of DFCT which grow btw bones
Where are they found? What do they do?
Fused to capsule and join bone to bone
What structure lines the inner surface of the capsule?
Synovial membrane
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
Secretes synovial fluid which lubricates & nourishes inner surface & provides nutrients to hyaline cartilage
What is the joint cavity?
Space btw articulating surfaces of two bones at a joint. Absence of tissue enables extensive movement.
Some joints contain menisci, what are they?
Made up of fibrocartilage and sit btw articulating bone ends at a joint
Differences btw hyaline & fibrocartilage:
Hyaline - more water, resists compression
Fibro- more collagen, resists tension & compression
Uniaxial occurs in:
one axis
Biaxial occurs in:
two axes
multiaxial occurs in:
three axes
What joint types are uniaxial?
Pivot joint & hinge joint
What joints are biaxial?
Saddle, Ellipsoid & Condylar joints
What joints are multiaxial?
Plane joint & ball n socket
What occurs at a plane joint?
examples:
Multiaxial -Gliding & sliding
Intercarpals and intertarsals
What occurs at a hinge joint?
examples:
uniaxial - flexion & extension: sagittal plane
ankle joint, elbow (humerus & ulna) interphalangeal joints
What occurs at a ellipsoid joint?
examples:
Biaxial - flexion & extension
- abduction & adduction
wrist joint, radio carpal joint
What occurs at a pivot joint?
examples:
Uniaxial - rotation: transverse plane
radio ulna, necks rotates
What occurs at a saddle joint?
examples:
Biaxail + - flexion & extension
- abduction & adduction
ONLY in carpometacarpal joint - base of thumb
- circumduction & obligatory rotation
What occurs at a ball & socket joint?
examples:
Multiaxial - flexion & extension
- abduction & adduction
- rotation
Shoulder & hip joint
What occurs at a condylar joint?
Biaxial - flexion & extension
- rotation
knee joint , TMJ ( temporomandicular joint - jaw)
Synovial joints allow:
maximum movement at joint but limited stability - free movement due to structure as there is no direct bone to bone contact
