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HUBS 191💃✨ > Lecture 17: Organisation and subdivisions of the nervous system > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Organisation and subdivisions of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The myelin sheath in the CNS is made by:

A
  • Oligodendrocytes
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2
Q

The part of neurotransmission that is carried out through a chemical signal is called

A
  • Synapse
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3
Q

Information that travels into the CNS is called:

A
  • Afferent / Ascending
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4
Q

The part of a neuron that makes the decision about whether to propagate an action potential in response to inputs is called:

A
  • Axon hillock
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5
Q

What is somatic information?

A
  • Stuff that we are aware of / have control over
  • Somatic efferent (motor)
  • Somatic afferent (sensory)
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6
Q

What happens under autonomic control?

A
  • Stuff we are not aware of / have no control over
  • Autonomic efferent (motor)
  • Autonomic afferent (sensory) / visceral sensory
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7
Q

What’re the two autonomic efferent pathways?

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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8
Q

What are the five features of the somatic motor (efferent) division?

A
  • Voluntary control
  • One neuron between CNS and effector
  • Cell body in spinal cord (CNS)
  • Axon in spinal nerves (PNS)
  • Effectors (things that is controlled by nerve) skeletal muscle fibres
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9
Q

A single motor neuron has it’s cell body in the _____ (____) and it’s axon in a ______ (____).

A
  • Spinal Cord (CNS)

- Peripheral Nerves (PNS)

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10
Q

What is the Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter used for?

A
  • Communication between motor neuron and skeletal muscle
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11
Q

What is the name of synapse space between a neuron and muscle?

A
  • Neuromuscular Junction
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12
Q

What is a motor unit?

A
  • Neuron(s) + muscle fibre(s)
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13
Q

Can a single muscle fibre be innervated by several neurons?

A
  • NO
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14
Q

What are the features of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  • Involuntary control
  • Two neurons between CNS and effector
  • Neuron #1 has cell body in CNS and axon in PNS
  • Neuron #2 has cell body in PNS and axon in effector cell
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15
Q

What are the features of Neuron #1 (Autonomic)?

A
  • Synapse in Autonomic Ganglion
  • Myelinated
  • Pre-ganglionic neuron
  • Neurotransmitter = ACh
  • Call body in CNS
  • Axon extends outside CNS
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16
Q

What are the features of Neuron #2 (Autonomic)?

A
  • Cell body in PNS (autonomic ganglion)
  • Axon extends to effector organ
  • Synapse on effector organ
  • Neurotransmitters = ACh / Noradrenaline
  • Unmyelinated (because axons = small, don’t need myelin to speed up conduction velocity)
17
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic autonomic system?

A
  • Prepares the body for acute/stress responses

- Fight of flight

18
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Increased heart rate
  • Constricted blood vessels
  • Decreased gastric motility / salivation
  • Increased pupil size / sweating
19
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Decreased heart rate / pupil size

- Increased gastric motility / salivation

20
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic autonomic system?

A
  • Prepares the body for rest and digest
21
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitter is secreted by neuron #2 to the effector?

A
  • Noradrenaline / Norepinephrine
22
Q

In the parasympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitter is secreted by neuron #2 to the effector?

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)
23
Q

What are the axon size differences in parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons?

A
  • In a parasympathetic neuron
#1 has a short axon
#2 has a long axon
  • In a sympathetic neuron
#1 has a long axon
#2 has a short axon
24
Q

What occurs in the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A
  • Synapse between neuron #1 (preganglionic) and neuron #2 (postganglionic) takes place
25
Q

There are _____ divisions in the parasympathetic nervous system, exit from CNS

A
  • Two (Cranial + Sacral)

HUBS 191💃✨ (39 decks)

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